Pre-Test:

Explain the impact of Slavery on North America (15 minutes) This must be done in your books

Cause and effect is not singular, each event in history does not have only one cause, and each cause does not have only one effect.

Eg. Why did people migrate to the cities?

Cause and effect is not a purposeful one-way street, every outcome is not inevitable and fate does not exist.

Eg. The American Civil War was not inevitable because of Slavery

Cause and effect is not circular, events don't just happen' and outcomes cannot be used to justify what has come before.

Eg. Why did the slave trade start? To help grow raw materials. Why did they need raw materials? To trade for manufactured goods. Why did they need manufactured goods? To trade for slaves

For each of these statements I provided senseless cause and effect scenarios (e.g. 'Why did WWI start?Because Germany invaded Belgium. But why did Germany invade Belgium? To start WWI.') and had students brainstorm their own senseless scenarios, either using examples from history or their own lives.

Cause and Effect is multifaceted. Events are caused by, and effect, all people both powerful and weak. Causes may be:

• Social

• Economic

• Political or cultural

They may affect:

• Military

• Resources

• Power

• Traditions

• Values

Causes and effects are both long term and short term, intentional, accidental and emotional. Plans which go wrong may be just as historically important as plans which go right.

Most of all, causes and effects are continuous, effects of one event are causes of another. Historical events should be viewed as an interlocking and multi-directional chain. 

What language do you use when you explain something?

Consider how we go from simply describing to explaining

• 'She got on the bus.' (descriptive)

• 'She got on the bus with a school bag.' (descriptive)

• 'She got on the bus and arrived at school.' (descriptive)

• 'She got on the bus which drove to school.' (partially explanatory)

• 'She got on the bus which drove to school and then she got off and went to class.' (explanatory)

So how do I know what is a 'cause and effect' question??

 Look for these words:

• Explain 

  • • • • Explain how the conditions on the ships affected the Slaves

• Impact

  • • • • How did the slave trade impact the African nations?

• Why

  • • • • Why did the slave owners treat their slaves with such brutality?

• Purpose

  • • • • What was the purpose of the slave trade?

• How

  • • • • How did the removal of slaves from their homes affect their lives?

Complete the worksheet below