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From: https://metro.co.uk/2019/09/10/emergency-grab-bag-promoted-police-10715815/
EMERGENCY BAG
EMERGENCY BAG
An Emergency Bag is a collection of basic items / necessities that may be needed especially in times of disasters or emergencies. Having such is an important step to prepare for the said unforeseen and/or possible occurrences. It is essential for short term survival as it provides necessary items for you, your family, or even the whole household. This emergency bag must always be kept in a handy place known to everyone in the household to make it easier to grab when an emergency happens.
COMPONENTS OF AN EMERGENCY BAG
COMPONENTS OF AN EMERGENCY BAG
o Bottles of water
o Food – canned goods, candies, biscuits, easy to prepare meals and snacks
o Flashlight
o Whistle
o Medicine put in a Medicine Kit (most especially if one has health problems).
o Face masks
o Extra clothes and underwear
o Towels
o Battery-powered or hand crank radio
o Extra batteries
o First Aid Kit
o Toiletries – tissue, soap, shampoo, wipes, sanitary napkins, toothbrush, and toothpaste
o Extra bags
o Blankets
o Important documents
o Other personal necessities
EARTHQUAKES
EARTHQUAKES
WHAT TO DO:
WHAT TO DO:
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
o Familiarize yourself with the location of fire extinguishers, medical kits, exit routes, and your area’s evacuation plan. If you are at home, you must have a family disaster preparedness plan and route in case an emergency happens (e.g. where will you meet each other, where to go when you’re in a specific area of your home, and etc.).
o Have necessary house repairs fixed to avoid further damage.
o Store harmful chemicals and flammable materials properly.
o Secure heavy furniture and hanging objects.
o Prepare your Personal Emergency Bag (preferably one in your house, car, and workplace).
o Participate in office, school, and community earthquake drills. Take this one seriously.
o Discuss a designated meet up location with family in case you’re separated in places.
o Learn simple first aid techniques.
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
o Stay alert and be prepared for aftershocks.
o Check yourself and those in your surroundings are injuries and provide first aid.
o Prioritize children, pregnant women, PWDs, and senior citizens.
o For coastal locations, evacuate to a higher ground area immediately.
o Double check for toxic spills and flammable chemicals and stay away from such.
o Stay out of buildings until advised.
o Check for water, electrical, gas or LPG leaks, electric lines, and others for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities.
o Stay out of damaged buildings.
o Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.
o Be careful of chimneys for they may fall on you.
o Stay away from beaches or large bodies of water. Tsunamis sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.
o Stay away from damaged areas.
o If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.
o Stay updated through a battery-operated radio.
o If signal is not down, message your loved ones of your state and where you are.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
1. IN GENERAL
o Stay calm and stay put. DO NOT PANIC.
o Duck, cover, and hold. Take shelter under a stable object.
o Keep away. Avoid glass windows, shelves, and heavy, unstable, and hanging objects.
2. IF YOU ARE INDOORS
o Get under a stable object and hold onto it (duck, cover, and hold on).
o STAY CLEAR of windows, fireplaces, and heavy furniture or appliances.
o Get out of the kitchen, which is a dangerous place for there are flammable and sharp items.
o Do not run downstairs or rush outside while the building is shaking or while there is danger of falling and hurting yourself or being hit by falling glass or debris.
o Do not use elevators (in case there are any).
3. IF YOU ARE OUTSIDE
o Get into the open, away from buildings, power lines, chimneys, trees, and anything else that might fall on you. Evacuate to an open area away from trees, electric posts and landslide prone areas
4. IF YOU ARE INSIDE A MOVING VEHICLE
o Carefully stop.
o Move the vehicle as far out of traffic as possible.
o Do NOT stop on or under a bridge, an overpass, under trees, light posts, power lines, nor signs.
o Stay inside until the shaking stops. Do not resume because when you resume driving, breaks in the pavement, fallen rocks, and bumps in the road and bridge may approach, it would just make it worse for you.
o Step out and move towards a safer area once the shaking stops.
typhoons
typhoons
WHAT TO DO:
WHAT TO DO:
BEFORE A TYPHOON
BEFORE A TYPHOON
DURING A TYPHOON
DURING A TYPHOON
after a typhoon
after a typhoon
BEFORE A TYPHOON
BEFORE A TYPHOON
o Keep yourself updated. With the various media platforms, it is next to impossible to not be updated of the supposed typhoon movement.
o Inspect and clean up your house especially your drainage system. – Check to see if there’s a need to fix your house such as holes on your roofs, damaged doors, windows, or ceilings. Have them fixed as soon as possible. Do check as well your drainage system. If there’s clogging, have them fixed or remove any material that may have possibly caused the clogging.
o Store enough amounts of ready-to-eat food and water. Make sure that the food and water you will store is adequate enough for you and your family and will last for few days. Ready-to-eat such as canned/packed goods are especially helpful when cooking is no longer feasible.
o If you have second or third floors or any part in your house that is elevated, have your things especially those that generate electricity, placed there. This will keep water from coming in contact with these items.
o If you are advised to evacuate, do so in order to avoid having a more difficult time when the typhoon happens.
o Always have your emergency bag/s with you.
DURING A TYPHOON
DURING A TYPHOON
o If no advice to evacuate was announced, then better stay inside your house. Keep yourself calm and postpone any scheduled travels.
o Keep on monitoring the typhoon’s movement through your television, radio, or the internet.
o If you see signs of water rising, better turn off the main sources of electricity. Do keep your electric-powered items stored in higher areas and refrain from using them during flood. Keep the electric wires away too from areas in your home/place where there may be leakages (e.g. corner of the ceiling and wall, may even cause fire if these wires get wet).
o Do not wade along flooded areas to keep yourself from contacting water-borne diseases. If it is inevitable, wear protective gears such as raincoats and boots to protect yourself.
o If you are told to evacuate, calmly comply.
AFTER A TYPHOON
AFTER A TYPHOON
o Monitor and update yourself with the progress of the typhoon through radio, television, or the internet – if accessible.
o If your house was one of the heavily damaged, make sure that you don’t disregard the advice of the authorities regarding its safety and stability. If they are uncertain of your house’s condition, do not go yet. If the house didn’t have that much damage, have your house inspected and do the needed repairs immediately. Just be safe in inspecting your house and avoid scattered debris.
o Watch out for live wires or any electrical outlet that may be submerged in water. If you don’t have the sufficient knowledge on electrical wirings, have a knowledgeable person inspect these wires as well as your appliances before you actually use and plug them again.
o Wear protective gears such as boots. Water-borne diseases such as leptospirosis do not only spread out during typhoon, but also after the typhoon, most especially when there is flood. The bacteria that cause this disease may still be present in moist soils or scattered debris and if these do get in contact with an open wound, chances of developing such disease is very much likely.
o Boil water before drinking as they may have been contaminated.
o Clean up. Dispose things that may be a ground for mosquitoes to breed. Such items may include tires, cans, or pots.
VOLCANIC ERRUPTIONS
VOLCANIC ERRUPTIONS
what to do before:
what to do before:
o Evacuate immediately if you live or are staying within those of the possibly affected areas. Long before the explosion, affected areas would have been given a warning to evacuate the premises by local government units.
o Stay tuned to national news and your local community’s channels to be on top of the situation and stay informed with local safety plans and evacuation areas. Whether it’s through local radio, TV news, or official social channels of news outlets, ensure that you’re getting reliable information from trusted or legitimate sources and not potentially dangerous misinformation from hoax accounts.
o Charge your electronic devices. Keep your mobile devices and power banks charged in case of power interruptions.
o Know disaster hotlines and other emergency hotlines. Save these numbers in your phone:
- National Emergency Hotline: 911
- Philippine National Police: 117
- PHIVOLCs – (02) 8426-1468 to 79
- Philippine Red Cross – 143 or (02) 8790-2300
- Bureau of Fire Protection – (02) 8426-0246
- National Disaster Risk Reduction And Management Council (NDRRMC) – (02) 8911-5061 to 65 local 100
**Here’s a complete list of government hotlines: https://www.gov.ph/hotlines
o Prepare your emergency bag.
WHAT TO DO DURING:
WHAT TO DO DURING:
o Use an N95 dust mask to protect yourself from pulmo-respiratory injuries and diseases. If these are unavailable, use a damp handkerchief or makeshift one from an old t-shirt.
o Protect your skin and eyes with proper clothing and glasses or goggles. Ashfall is sharp and abrasive, so don’t rub if any comes into contact with your skin or eyes.
o Secure your pets inside your home. Fine, volcanic ash is harmful for them too.
o If you are outside, seek cover immediately in case of rock or ash falls.
o If you are inside, stay tuned to the news to keep informed of recent developments. Close all doors and windows. Dampen curtains to keep fine particles from coming through.
o If you are driving a vehicle, pull over and stop if there is a heavy ashfall.
o Cover food and water containers to avoid contamination with ash.
o Wash all utensils thoroughly before eating. Fine ash particles may have settled on them.
o Stay away from rivers or streams to avoid lahar flow.
WHAT TO DO AFTER:
WHAT TO DO AFTER:
o Do not leave your home until notified by the local government that it is safe to do so. Evacuate to safer grounds only when notified.
o Keep a watchful eye on your kids or loved ones who may be tempted to go out to see what’s going on outside.
o Wear protection. Use masks, glasses/goggles, long sleeves, pants, and shoes when clearing out ash to protect your lungs, skin, and eyes.
o Clean your gutters and roof with water after clearing out the ash to prevent corrosion.
o Wait for further announcements from LGUs or national news related to the volcanic eruption.
TSUNAMIs
TSUNAMIs
WHAT TO DO BEFORE:
WHAT TO DO BEFORE:
BEFORE:
o If you live near, or regularly visit a coastal area, learn about the risk of tsunami in the area. Some at-risk communities have maps with evacuation zones and routes. If you are a visitor, ask about community plans.
o Learn the signs of a potential tsunami, such as an earthquake, a loud roar from the ocean, or unusual ocean behavior, such as a sudden rise or wall of water or sudden draining of water showing the ocean floor.
o Know and practice community evacuation plans and map out your routes from home, work, and play. Pick shelters 100 feet or more above sea level, or at least one mile inland.
o Create a family emergency communication plan that has an out-of-state contact. Plan where to meet if you get separated.
WHAT TO DO DURING
WHAT TO DO DURING
DURING:
o If you are in a tsunami area and there is an earthquake, then first protect yourself from the earthquake. Drop, Cover, and Hold On. Drop to your hands and knees. Cover your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to any sturdy furniture until the shaking stops. Crawl only if you can reach better cover, but do not go through an area with more debris.
o When the shaking stops, if there are natural signs or official warnings of a tsunami, then move immediately to a safe place as high and as far inland as possible. Listen to the authorities, but do not wait for tsunami warnings and evacuation orders.
o If you are outside of the tsunami hazard zone and receive a warning, then stay where you are unless officials tell you otherwise.
o Leave immediately if you are told to do so. Evacuation routes are often marked by a wave with an arrow in the direction of higher ground.
o If you are in the water, then grab onto something that floats, such as a raft, tree trunk, or door.
o If you are in a boat, then face the direction of the waves and head out to sea. If you are in a harbor, then go inland.
o DO NOT PANIC.
WHAT TO DO AFTER:
WHAT TO DO AFTER:
o Listen to local alerts and authorities for information on areas to avoid and shelter locations.
o Avoid wading in floodwater, which can contain dangerous debris. Water may be deeper than it appears.
o Be aware of the risk of electrocution. Underground or downed power lines can electrically charge water. Do not touch electrical equipment if it is wet or if you are standing in water.
o Stay away from damaged buildings, roads, and bridges.
o Document property damage with photographs. Conduct an inventory and contact your insurance company for assistance.
o Save phone calls for emergencies. Phone systems are often down or busy after a disaster. Use text messages or social media to communicate with family and friends.
landslides
landslides
WHAT TO DO BEFORE:
WHAT TO DO BEFORE:
o Do not build near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways, or natural erosion valleys.
o Get a ground assessment of your property.
o Contact local officials, state geological surveys or departments of natural resources, and university departments of geology. Landslides occur where they have before, and in identifiable hazard locations. Ask for information on landslides in your area, specific information on areas vulnerable to landslides, and request a professional referral for a very detailed site analysis of your property, and corrective measures you can take, if necessary.
o Watch the patterns of storm-water drainage near your home, and note the places where runoff water converges, increasing flow in channels. These are areas to avoid during a storm.
o Learn about the emergency-response and evacuation plans for your area. Develop your own emergency plan for your family or business.
o Minimize home hazards:
- Have flexible pipe fittings installed to avoid gas or water leaks, as flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage (only the gas company or professionals should install gas fittings).
- Plant ground cover on slopes and build retaining walls.
- In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings. Remember: If you build walls to divert debris flow and the flow lands on a neighbor's property, you may be liable for damages.
WHAT TO DO DURING:
WHAT TO DO DURING:
o Stay alert and awake. Many debris-flow fatalities occur when people are sleeping. Listen to a NOAA Weather Radio or portable, battery-powered radio or television for warnings of intense rainfall. Be aware that intense, short bursts of rain may be particularly dangerous, especially after longer periods of heavy rainfall and damp weather.
o If you are in areas susceptible to landslides and debris flows, consider leaving if it is safe to do so. Remember that driving during an intense storm can be hazardous. If you remain at home, move to a second story if possible. Staying out of the path of a landslide or debris flow saves lives.
o Listen for any unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together. A trickle of flowing or falling mud or debris may precede larger landslides. Moving debris can flow quickly and sometimes without warning.
o If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow and for a change from clear to muddy water. Such changes may indicate landslide activity upstream, so be prepared to move quickly. Don't delay! Save yourself, not your belongings.
o Be especially alert when driving. Bridges may be washed out, and culverts overtopped. Do not cross flooding streams!! Turn Around, Don't Drown!.Embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides. Watch the road for collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flows.
o Be aware that strong shaking from earthquakes can induce or intensify the effects of landslides.
WHAT TO DO AFTER
WHAT TO DO AFTER
AFTER:
o Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
o Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
o Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow. Floods sometimes follow landslides and debris flows because they may both be started by the same event.
o Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide, without entering the direct slide area. Direct rescuers to their locations.
o Help a neighbor who may require special assistance - infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities. Elderly people and people with disabilities may require additional assistance. People who care for them or who have large families may need additional assistance in emergency situations.
o Look for and report broken utility lines and damaged roadways and railways to appropriate authorities. Reporting potential hazards will get the utilities turned off as quickly as possible, preventing further hazard and injury.
o Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for damage. Damage to foundations, chimneys, or surrounding land may help you assess the safety of the area.
o Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding and additional landslides in the near future.
o Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating landslide hazards or designing corrective techniques to reduce landslide risk. A professional will be able to advise you of the best ways to prevent or reduce landslide risk, without creating further hazard.
SOURCES:
o Build A Kit. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.ready.gov/kit
o Earthquake. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-should-i-do-during-earthquake?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products
o Typhoon. (2019). Retrieved from https://wayph.com/what-to-do-before-during-and-after-typhoon/
o What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/bda.html
o What to Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.klook.com/en-PH/blog/earthquake-philippines/
o Landslide Preparedness. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/landslide-hazards/science/landslide-preparedness
o Tsunamis. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.ready.gov/tsunamis
o Volcanic Eruptions. (2020). Retrieved from https://coins.ph/blog/what-to-do-volcanic-eruption-tips/
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