Key Research
A list of key articles to inform discussion; Updated periodically as new key studies are published.
Suggestion: To view more recent publications that reference the works below, copy/paste the reference of interest into Google Scholar and select "Cited by [#]" at the bottom of search result.
Systematic Reviews of Research on Sleep and School Start Times
Marx, R., Tanner‐Smith, E. E., Davison, C. M., Ufholz, L. A., Freeman, J., Shankar, R., ... & Hendrikx, S. (2017). Later school start times for supporting the education, health, and well‐being of high school students. The Cochrane Library. https://campbellcollaboration.org/media/k2/attachments/0099_ECG_Later_school_start_times.pdf
Morgenthaler, T. I., Hashmi, S., Croft, J. B., Dort, L., Heald, J. L., & Mullington, J. (2016). High school start times and the impact on high school students: what we know, and what we hope to learn. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 12(12), 1681. 10.5664/jcsm.6358
Commentary:
Owens, J., Troxel, W., & Wahlstrom, K. (2017). Commentary on healthy school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(05), 761-761. http://jcsm.aasm.org/viewabstract.aspx?pid=31020
Response:
Morgenthaler, T. I., Dort, L., & Mullington, J. (2017). Transparency and Partnership. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 13(5), 763-763. http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5406949
Wheaton, A. G., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2016). School start times, sleep, behavioral, health, and academic outcomes: a review of the literature. Journal of School Health, 86(5), 363-381. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824552/
Selected School Start Time Research
An extensive bibliography of sleep and school start time research is maintained by StartSchoolLater.net, which, until recently, was freely available. See www.startschoollater.net/become-a-member.html for details on gaining access via membership.
Special Issue of Sleep Health on School Start Times (December 2017)
Guest edited by Wendy Troxel and Amy Wolfson
Dunietz, G. L., Matos-Moreno, A., Singer, D. C., Davis, M. M., O'Brien, L. M., & Chervin, R. D. (2017). Later school start times: what informs parent support or opposition?. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 13(7), 889. 10.5664/jcsm.6660
Edwards, F. (2012). Early to rise? The effect of daily start times on academic performance. Economics of Education Review, 31(6), 970-983. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272775712000830
Publically-available article and 15-minute podcast on the results and implications of this study available at: https://www.educationnext.org/do-schools-begin-too-early/
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., Bi, S., & Smith, O. A. (2017). Earlier school start times are associated with higher rates of behavioral problems in elementary schools. Sleep health, 3(2), 113-118.
Nahmod, N.G., Lee, S., Master, L., Change, A. M., Hale, L., & Buston, O.M. (2018). Later high school start times associated with longer actigraphic sleep duration in adolescents. Sleep, 42(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy212
Owens, J., Drobnich, D., Baylor, A., & Lewin, D. (2014). School start time change: an in‐depth examination of school districts in the United States. Mind, Brain, and Education, 8(4), 182-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12059
Thacher, P. V., & Onyper, S. V. (2016). Longitudinal outcomes of start time delay on sleep, behavior, and achievement in high school. Sleep, 39(2), 271-281. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5426
Selected Sleep Health Research
Fischer, D., Lombardi, D.A., Marucci-Wellman, H. M., & Roenneberg, T., (2017). Chronotypes in the US -Influence of age and sex. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178782.
Keyes, K. M., Maslowsky, J., Hamilton, A., & Schulenberg, J. (2015). The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents, 1991–2012. Pediatrics, 135(3), 460-468. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2707
Mathew, G. M., Hale, L., & Chang, A.-M. (2019). Sex Moderates Relationships Among School Night Sleep Duration, Social Jetlag, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents. Journal of Biological Rhythms. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730419828102