CHAPTER 3
Embedded Files
Rizal's life, exile, trial, and death
Rizal's life, exile, trial, and death
Chapter 3 explores the final chapter of José Rizal's life, from his exile in Dapitan to his execution. During his exile, Rizal made significant contributions as a physician, educator, scientist, and civic leader, improving local infrastructure and engaging in research. Despite efforts by Jesuits to persuade him to return to Catholicism, he remained steadfast in his beliefs. His journey from Dapitan to Manila included humanitarian acts, but upon arrival, he was arrested and implicated in the Katipunan uprising. Though he pleaded not guilty and advocated peaceful reform, Rizal was tried, sentenced to death, and executed on December 30, 1896, a martyr for Philippine independence.
Achievements in Dapitan
Achievements in Dapitan
Rizal as a Scientist and Philologist
Studied Dapitan’s flora and fauna and sent specimens to Europe.
Conducted archaeological work and engaged in language, cultural, and historical studies.
Learned the Visayan language and contributed to the documentation of local species.
Rizal as a Scientist and Philologist
Studied Dapitan’s flora and fauna and sent specimens to Europe.
Conducted archaeological work and engaged in language, cultural, and historical studies.
Learned the Visayan language and contributed to the documentation of local species.
Daily Life in Exile
Woke at 5 a.m., tended to plants and animals, and treated patients.
Founded a school in 1893 starting with 3 pupils, growing to 20+ students.
Taught in the afternoons, farmed in the evenings, and wrote at night.
Rizal and the Jesuits
Jesuits like Fr. Sanchez and Fr. Pastells tried to convince Rizal to return to Catholicism.
Despite religious discussions, Rizal remained firm in his beliefs.
On July 31, 1896, he left Dapitan aboard España, bidding a tearful farewell.
From Dapitan to Trial in Fort Santiago
Rizal’s journey included stops in Dumaguete, Cebu, Mactan, Iloilo, and Manila.
He treated patients during the trip.
Upon his return, Katipunan revolts led to his imprisonment in Fort Santiago.
Going to Spain (and Back)
Cleared by Gov. Blanco, Rizal boarded Isla de Panay to Spain.
Declined asylum in Singapore, trusting Spanish officials.
Arrested upon arrival in Barcelona and deported back to Manila via Colón under heavy guard.
Last Homecoming and Trial
Imprisoned at Fort Santiago (Nov 3, 1896).
Subjected to an unfair trial with fabricated evidence and tortured witnesses.
Chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade as defense counsel.
Maintained innocence, emphasized peaceful reform.
Execution and Final Moments
On Dec 30, 1896, Rizal was executed by firing squad at Bagumbayan (now Luneta).
Refused blindfolds, asked to face the squad but was denied.
His final words: “Consummatum est” (“It is finished”).
REFER TO THE SLIDES TO READ AND ACCESS THE FULL CHAPTER
Page updated
Report abuse