For middle school students and teaching choreography, a "back to basics" approach can be highly effective, emphasizing foundational skills and building confidence through gradual progression.
1. Start with the building blocks
Rhythm and Musicality:
Begin with activities that emphasize the relationship between movement and music.
Clap, stomp, and use body percussion to explore rhythmic patterns. (Refer to ice breakers/ team bonding page)
Practice identifying the beat and tempo of music, then translate this to movement like swaying or stepping in time.
Use techniques like mirroring or call-and-response to help students internalize the rhythm.
Use different music genres and tempos to challenge students' adaptability and understanding of rhythm.
Basic Dance Movements and Terminology:
Introduce fundamental movements and corresponding dance terms. (See terms on different page)
Focus on clear explanations and demonstrations, allowing students to practice and internalize the movements.
Incorporate repetition to develop muscle memory and improve technique.
Consider breaking down complex movements into smaller, more manageable pieces.
Improvisation:
Introduce structured improvisation activities where students can freely explore and generate movement ideas.
Give prompts like "lead with your knees" or "show me how this character would walk" to encourage creative exploration and physical awareness.
Use props or imagery to inspire movement:
Building Off Imagery
Sometimes a vivid mental picture is all it takes to remember steps.
1. Create metaphors: Dancers of all levels respond well to vivid images. Instead of putting your arm out and reaching, identify it as “reaching for an apple.”
2. Chain images together: Reach for the apple, kick a ball, open a curtain and jump over a stream.
3. Identify transitions: The in-between moments are where dancers often struggle the most. Create specific qualities, like “Your shoulder blades are melting down your back like ice cream on a warm day.”
4. Share strategies: Ask students to come up with their own imagery and then teach it to another group of dancers.
(*note this can also be a fun ice breaker)
Choreographic Devices:
Explain how devices like repetition, variation, levels, pathways, and mirroring can be used to develop movement phrases and enhance a dance piece.
Have students experiment with manipulating their improvised movements using these devices.
Emphasize storytelling through movement by focusing on the verbs in sentences to inspire actions and the emotions behind them.
Refers to the physical instrument of the dancer—the body and how it's used.
Includes: posture, body parts (arms, legs, head, etc.), body shapes, and body actions (twisting, stretching, bending, etc.).
Parts: the arms, legs, head, toes, fingers, adaptive tools can take on different focuses (i.e., open, closed, relaxed)
What the dancer does.
Includes: traveling steps (walking, running, leaping), non-locomotor movements (bending, twisting), and gesture or everyday movements.
Locomotor: walk, run, leap, hop, jump, skip, slide, gallop
Non-locomotor: bend, twist, stretch, swing
leading/following.
Where the dance takes place and how the dancer moves through it.
Includes: direction, level (high/mid/low), size, pathway, focus (where the dancer looks), and formations.
Size: Large small, narrow, wide
Level: High/ Medium/ Low
Space: Personal space/ general space, center stage, upstage/ downstage (competition floor dimensions)
Direction: Forward/ backward, right/ left, sideways, diagonal
Orientation: Facing
The timing and rhythm of movement.
Includes: tempo (fast/slow), beat, duration, rhythm, phrasing, and syncopation.
Free rhythm: breath, open, improv, cue
Clock time: seconds, minutes
Timing relationship: before, after, unison, ripple
The quality of movement or how the movement is executed.
Includes: force (strong/light), flow (free/bound), tension, and dynamics (sudden, sustained, swinging, percussive, etc.).
Attack: Sharp/ smooth, sudden/ sustained
Weight: Strength, lightness, resilience
Flow: Free, bound, balanced, neutral
Quality: Flowing, tight, loose, sharp, swinging, swaying, suspended, collapsed, smooth