9:00-10:00
板原彰宏 Akihiro Itahara
ハシブトガラスの視線と行動の詳細な追跡：認知研究のための方法と応用

10:00-11:00
杉元拓斗 Takuto Sugimoto
ウマによるヒトの社会的評価：協力性とスキルの次元からの検証

11:00-12:00
Ana Sofia Penteado Viela
アジアゾウの情動世界の探究：心的状態から葛藤調整まで

13:00-14:00
李何萍
北海道沿岸の回遊性鰭脚類における生息地利用の統合的研究

14:00-15:00
新井花奈 Kana Arai
アジアゾウにおけるエピジェネティクスによる年齢推定解析

15:00-16:00
戸部有紗 Arisa Tobe
琉球列島に生息するカンムリワシの生態遺伝学：毒耐性、食性、多様性の解明

9:30-10:00
田之畑穂花  Honoka Tanohata
ボルネオゾウの血縁構造解析に資するマイクロサテライトマーカーの開発と飼育個体集団を用いた血縁度推定の検証

10:00-10:30
Suhaimi Mumammed Nur Fitri Bin
マレーシア・サバ州キナバタンガン下流域におけるテングザルの20年間にわたる個体群動態の長期的推移と現状

10:30-11:00
中村陽月  Hizuki Nakamura
全ゲノム解析によるタンチョウの遺伝的多樣性と近親交配の解明

11:00-11:30
島遥 Haruka Shima
飼育下ミナミアメリカオットセイの休息様式と活動時間配分

11:30-12:00
大野円花 Madoka Ono
北海道釧路沿岸におけるカレイ漁の変動とシャチによる漁業被害の実態把握

13:00-13:30
島田真優 Mayu Shimada
チンパンジーにおける Prestige 戰略：新規スキルの獲得が社会的ネットワークに与える影響の検討

13:30-14:00
白澤子銘 Shimei Shirasawa
ニホンザル自然群の社会行動におけるサーモカメラを用いた情動評価

14:00-14:30
Liu Liu
パン属における社会性：ボノボの食物分配とチンパンジーの音楽性

2025年12月23日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 23rd December.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1： Mayu Shimada

Title：Testing Prestige Strategies in Chimpanzees: Effects of Novel skill acquisition on Social Networks
Language:  Slide(English), Talk(Japanese)
Abstract：In animal societies, high social status provides advantages for reproduction and survival. In human societies, social status is thought to be attained through two main strategies: dominance and prestige. In dominance strategies, individuals who coercively acquire status through aggressive interactions tend to be feared and avoided by subordinates. In contrast, in prestige strategies, individuals with knowledge or skills gain status by receiving respect from others. Such prestigious individuals are likely to be approached and provided with services by others seeking opportunities for observational learning. Despite its importance, the prestige social status in non-human animals and its evolution has been paid less attention, as nonhuman animals have traditionally been assumed to acquire status solely through dominance. In this study, we tested whether chimpanzees employ prestige strategies by examining whether individuals demonstrating a novel foraging skill would gain prestige. Thirteen captive male chimpanzees participated, including two trained model individuals. Inter-individual proximity and allogrooming were recorded before, during, and after skill demonstrations, and social networks were constructed to assess changes in network centrality. Contrary to previous studies, we did not observe a significant increase in the models’ centrality following skill demonstrations. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in how much attention models’ skill demonstrations attracted from other group members, a possibility we are currently investigating. This study is expected to shed light on the evolutionary factors underlying the development of intelligence.

Presenter 2：  Hizuki Nakamura     

Title： Whole genome analyses reveal genetic diversity and inbreeding of Red-crowned Crane Grus japonensis in Hokkaido  

Language:    Slides (English) and Talk (Japanese)

Abstract： The Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)  is an endangered crane species that inhabits Hokkaido and eastern Eurasia, and has been classified as vulnerable (VU) by IUCN. In Hokkaido, this species was nearly extinct once due to a rapid population decrease in the 1800s, but it has been recovered now and the current population size is estimated to be over 1,900. On the other hand, serious bottleneck in the past might led severe inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, which potentially have negative impacts on their fitness: immunity, reproduction success and ability to adapt to the new environment. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to reveal the genetic diversity and the degree of inbreeding of the Red-crowned Cranes and to establish effective conservation strategies.

This study conducted genomic analyses largely for two populations of Red-crowned Cranes, “Hokkaido” and “Continental”. First of all, Red-crowned Crane should be proved to have two genetically independent populations. Population Structure analysis supported the explicit differentiation between two populations of Red-crowned Crane. PSMC and Stairwayplot2, methods to estimate demography, generated the transition of effective population size of each population from the past to the present. From this result, not only the past demography but also the recent status of their genetic diversity were clarified, which suggested that Hokkaido population had experienced gradual decline of effective population size. In addition their present genetic diversity was assessed by genome-wide heterozygosity. This result simply showed the very low genetic diversity of Hokkaido population compared with other populations. Additionally, runs of homozygosity (ROH) was used as an indicator of inbreeding. In this analysis, Hokkaido population was considered to be strongly inbred population. In conclusion, Hokkaido population of Red-crowned Crane was found to be highly inbred and have considerably low genetic diversity despite the recovery of population size. Therefore, it is critical to immediately disperse the habitats and consider to perform genetic rescue to prevent them from rapidly declining.

Presenter 3 ：Shimei Shirasawa

Title：Thermal Imaging-Based Evaluation of Emotional States in the Social Behavior of Wild Japanese Macaque Groups
Language:  Slides (English), Talk (Japanese)
Abstract：Grooming is a fundamental social behavior in primates and its thought to play an important role in social bonding and emotional regulation. However, how social interactions such as grooming are linked to physiological changes in wild primates remains unclear. In this study, we examine the relationship between grooming behaviour and body temperature changes in wild Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) groups, using infrared thermal imaging as a non-invasive measure of physiological state.
We set two main hypotheses. First, we test whether grooming behaviour itself is associated with systematic changes in body temperature compared to non-social baseline periods, focusing changes after the grooming events. Second, we examine whether the strength of the temperature. Change varies depending on social factors, such as kinship and the strength of social relationships, reflected by grooming frequency between individuals.
To evaluate these hypotheses, we recorded facial and nasal surface temperatures during grooming interactions and analysed the data using a combination of behavioural observations and statistical models, including GLMMs, to account for repeated measures and individual differences. By integrating thermal imaging with social relationship data,
This study aims to clarify how social interactions are linked to physiological responses in wild primates and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms between social behaviour and emotional states.

2025年12月16日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 16th December.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Dr. Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi

Chairperson：Ikki Matsuda

Title：The Science and Human Dimensions of Snow Leopard Conservation in High Asia
Language:  Talk (English), Slides (English)
Abstract：Our next speaker is Dr. Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi—better known as Kullu—Director of the India Program of the Snow Leopard Trust and scientist with the Nature Conservation Foundation. His journey began not in a lab but on Himalayan mountaineering expeditions as a teenager, where adventure quickly turned into a fascination with mountain ecology. During his master’s research at NCBS Bangalore, he spent a full winter at 4,500 meters in Spiti following blue sheep, an experience that set him on the path to his PhD on snow leopards, a species he has since studied across India, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia. He is a CIFAR Fellow (2023–28), Fellow of the British Ecological Society, former WIKO Fellow, and recipient of awards including the National Geographic Young Explorer and the British Ecological Society’s Southwood Prize. In Tuesday’s seminar talk, he will speak about his work on snow leopard conservation.

2025年12月2日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 2nd December.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ：Dr. Federico Rossano (University of California, San Diego)

Chairperson：Satoshi Hirata

Title： Investigating diverse intelligences outside the lab: Challenges and Opportunities
Language:  Slides (English), Talk (English)
Abstract：In recent years, acronyms such as WEIRD, STRANGE, BIZARRE have been used to remind us that issues in replicability and predictive power of our cognitive models come from an incomplete picture of the diversity of intelligence in humans and the animal kingdom. Towards providing a more solid base for our empirical models, we have collected extensive data on social interaction and social cognition cross-ages, cross-cultures and cross-species, because of an interest in bringing evolution, diversity, and change to the forefront of Cognitive Science.  In this talk I report some of the things we have learned along the way in particular on our research with non-human primates, dogs and cats: the importance of taking seriously individual differences, life history, relationships and ecological validity.

Presenter 2： Satoshi Hirata

Chairperson：NA

Title： A state-transition-free delayed-feedback task elicits heterogeneous human responses
Language:  Slides (English), Talk (English)
Abstract：Humans and nonhuman animals learn to perform actions by associating actions with outcomes. In everyday life, outcomes sometimes occur only after a delay, and atan unexpected moment. The ability to connect actions and delayed outcomes has received less attention than performance in tasks where rewards follow the most  recent action. Here, following a previous study (Sato et al. 2023), we designed a learning task to investigate humans’ ability to link actions and outcomes which occurred after intervening choices. We prepared a total of six visual stimuli for use in three types of trials: A vs B, where choosing A immediately led to reward and choosing B was never rewarded, C vs D, where neither choice was immediately rewarded but choice of C led to reward in a later E vs F trial, and E vs F, where neither stimulus was associated with reward but a reward was given based on choice of C in the past. Results showed that nine individuals learned to choose C, thereby receiving a delayed reward. Among them, one participant subsequently correctly described the task structure in words, while the remaining eight did so with misunderstandings. We also observed large individual differences in participants’ action selection (e.g., an irrational bias for D, a possible superstitious bias for either E or F) and explicit/implicit understanding of the link between action and delayed outcome expressed in words. Our results offer new insights into the ability to cognitively link actions and outcomes following a time lag.

2025年11月25日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 25th November.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Mi Yeon Kim

Chairperson：Yoko Mitani

Title：Conservation and Management of the Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin in Jeju Island of the Republic of Korea
Language:  Talk (English), Slides (English)

Abstract：Marine mammal conservation is crucial for preserving the health of marine ecosystems and maintaining global environmental balance. There are approximately 129 marine mammal species worldwide, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, sea otters, and polar bears, all of which play key ecological roles. Despite this, many populations face threats such as habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and human activities. For example, the Japanese sea lion became extinct in Korean waters, and the Korean gray whale was nearly driven to extinction by overhunting. Conservation strategies vary globally depending on cultural, political, and legal contexts.

The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) population off Jeju Island, Republic of Korea (hereafter referred to as Jeju dolphin) is the only cetacean species found year-round along the coastline. It also represents a key subject for understanding both conservation practice and marine mammal ecology. This thesis offers a comprehensive investigation of the scientific foundations, ongoing threats, and innovative management practices for this population, which is officially listed as “near threatened” by the IUCN Red List. The first chapter of the thesis will review the historical overview of marine mammal conservation in Korea, with a particular focus on the ongoing conservation and management of Jeju dolphins.

Threats to marine mammal populations vary by species and location, necessitating management and mitigation strategies that are tailored to the specific risks and contexts each population faces. Historically, entanglement of marine mammals in nets from the commercial fishing industry and fishing gear from recreational fishing has led to varying levels of threats worldwide. The second chapter discusses the recent increase in entanglement cases involving mostly juveniles and calves, which is becoming an issue for the Jeju dolphins. Two contrasting cases are presented involving Jeju dolphins: one where a juvenile survived without rescue despite losing its fluke, and another involving a prolonged rescue effort for a severely entangled calf. By reviewing the decision-making in these cases, it aims to establish best practices for small dolphin rescue that balance the welfare of individuals and the health of the population.

Due to the varied and population-specific threats facing marine mammals, establishing robust baseline data and ecological research is critical for designing effective conservation and management strategies tailored to each group. Since the reintroduction of illegally captured dolphins in Jeju Island, dolphin tourism has grown steadily, leading to increased exploitation of this critical habitat. The third chapter reviews the introduction to dolphin tourism and associated mitigation efforts. Highlighting the importance of integrating scientific knowledge and a detailed understanding of dolphin ecology to develop effective and adaptive management measures. Building on previous research efforts, management measures have been strengthened through the incorporation of scientific analysis tools to reinforce law enforcement. However, despite these efforts, dolphin tourism on Jeju Island continues to increase without a significant improvement in boat behavior. Therefore, this study recommends further strengthening of regulations and enhanced enforcement strategies for more effective management of tourism vessels in the region.

Effective conservation and management of dolphin populations in rapidly changing environments, such as Jeju Island, depend heavily on scientific studies, particularly baseline acoustic data to monitor changes caused by increasing ambient and anthropogenic noise. The fourth chapter examines acoustic communication in Jeju dolphins by analyzing 2,376 whistles recorded around Jeju Island and three Japanese sites. The results showed significant temporal changes in whistle frequency and complexity at Jeju, as well as marked geographic differences among populations. These findings highlight whistle plasticity in response to environmental variation. The study emphasizes the importance of acoustic monitoring for assessing population status and informing conservation strategies for T. aduncus across its range. These tools enable continuous, non-invasive monitoring, which is crucial for adaptive management in dynamic environments.

Lastly, the findings of this study contribute to a dynamic, multi-dimensional framework for marine mammal conservation that integrates spatial, temporal, and cultural variability. It emphasizes the critical need to bridge the gap between scientific research and management by combining ecological data, ecosystem-based approaches, and human dimensions to secure the long-term survival of the Jeju dolphin population. By leveraging long-term environmental research, stakeholders and scientists can collaboratively develop targeted management strategies explicitly tailored to the Jeju dolphins. In conclusion, this study presents a series of policy recommendations. It identifies research gaps, guiding stakeholders toward meaningful and manageable actions that will safeguard the health and future of the Jeju dolphin population.

2025年11月11日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 11th November.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Abdullah Langgeng

Chairperson：Ikki Matsuda

Title： The Invisible Wounds Speak the Price of the Wildlife Trade: Microbiome Dysbiosis in the Javan Slow Lorises.
Language:  Slides (English), Talk (English)
Abstract：The illegal wildlife trade inflicts profound health damage extending beyond visible injuries. Javan slow lorises, venomous nocturnal primates endemic to Java, Indonesia, targeted for the exotic pet trade, typically have their teeth extracted by traffickers to prevent defensive bites. While the physical consequences are obvious, we reveal that this trauma triggers persistent microbiome dysbiosis that may permanently compromise survival capacity when released back into the wild. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we characterized oral and gut microbiomes from releasable candidates with intact teeth (n = 10) versus non-candidates with extracted teeth (n = 9). Beta diversity differed significantly between groups (oral p < 0.001, gut p = 0.023). Paradoxically, non-candidates showed significantly higher gut Shannon diversity (p = 0.039) despite worse health, might reflect dysbiotic diversity from opportunistic pathogen colonization rather than healthy community stability. Oral alpha diversity showed no significant differences between groups, demonstrating that diversity metrics alone cannot assess microbiome health. Non-candidates also exhibited oral dysbiosis as indicated by the enrichment of periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, opportunistic Pasteurellaceae, and four enteric genera indicating mucosal barrier breakdown. Gut dysbiosis featured Enterococcus blooms (antibiotic-dysbiosis marker), inflammatory taxa, and loss of beneficial Olsenella. Functional analysis revealed inflammation-associated pathways (putrescine biosynthesis, nitrate reduction) in non-candidates versus vitamin biosynthesis and healthy metabolism in candidates.Our findings demonstrate that wildlife trade practices inflict invisible molecular damage with permanent consequences, and establish microbiome profiling as a potential tool for objective health assessment in conservation and reintroduction programs.

2025年10月28日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 28th October.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Kana Arai

Chairperson：Miho Murayama

Title：Uncovering age-associated genomic DNA methylation signatures in Asian elephants

Language:  Slides (English),  Talk (English)
Abstract：Accurate age estimation is fundamental to understanding the biology and population dynamics of long-lived species, such as Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). It is particularly important for Asian elephants, as they are classified as "Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and are a species with an interesting life history strategy. However, conventional age estimation methods are limited in precision, particularly for older individuals. Recent advances in epigenetics offer a promising alternative through DNA methylation, a stable biochemical modification that accumulates predictably with age and reflects ageing processes. Despite widespread application in humans and model organisms, the potential of epigenetic tools for Asian elephants remains limited. This thesis aims to develop DNA methylation-based age estimation tools for Asian elephants while exploring the biological mechanisms underlying epigenetic ageing. The research addresses two critical knowledge gaps: (1) the need for accurate, non-invasive age assessment tools, and (2) how epigenetic ageing occurs in long-lived mammals.

Chapter 2 establishes the methodological foundation by validating known age-related genes using Methylation-Sensitive High-Resolution-Melting (MS-HRM), a cost-effective and accessible technique suitable for conservation contexts. Using blood samples from known-age captive Asian elephants, methylation levels in two candidate genes, RALYL and TET2, which were previously identified as age-associated in other mammalian species, were examined. Both genes exhibited significant correlations between methylation levels and chronological age. The resulting age estimation model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.36 years. 

Chapter 3 expands the scope through a genome-wide approach using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) to discover novel age-associated CpG sites. Here, blood samples were sequenced to achieve single-CpG resolution across the genome. Following stringent quality control, 144,611 CpG sites were retained for analysis, and a robust predictive model was constructed based on 389 CpG sites significantly correlated with chronological age. This genome-wide age estimation model achieved an MAE of 4.82 years, representing a substantial improvement in precision compared to the targeted MS-HRM model. Importantly, age-related CpGs showed programmed epigenetic ageing characteristics similar to those observed in humans. Functional enrichment analyses further revealed strong associations with development, neural, and social pathways, including oxytocin and apelin signalling, which are systems central to elephants' complex cognition and sociality. Together, these findings highlight that programmed epigenetic ageing in elephants is shaped by both genomic context and the biological functions of age-related genes, which suggests a conserved ageing mechanism among long-lived mammals.

Chapter 4 translates the methodological approaches from Chapters 2 and 3 into practical conservation applications by adapting the methylation-based age estimation approach to non-invasive faecal DNA samples. Blood-based sampling, though informative, is often invasive and impractical for wild or free-ranging elephants. Faecal samples offer a low-cost, stress-free alternative but pose challenges due to DNA degradation and environmental contamination. 16 candidate genes were identified from the RRBS dataset, of which three (MRGPRF, CACNB2, and MACROD1) yielded robust amplification and methylation signals using MS-HRM. These three regions showed significant correlations with age, and the resulting faecal-based model achieved an MAE of 9.31 years.  While less precise than blood-based clocks, this represents a substantial methodological advancement with significant potential for field applications, enabling researchers to infer demographic structure and monitor population health without the need for sedation or capture. Future refinements and validation will be needed to further improve precision and field compatibility.

Chapter 5 explores the biological mechanisms linking environmental and physiological factors to epigenetic ageing, focusing on the role of cortisol. By integrating longitudinal hair cortisol data with methylation profiles from the same individuals, I investigated whether elevated cortisol levels are correlated with accelerated epigenetic ageing. Analysis revealed a clear separation of high- and low-cortisol groups in overall methylation patterns, and individuals with higher baseline cortisol exhibited greater epigenetic age acceleration. Although the overlap between cortisol-related and age-related CpGs was minimal, enriched pathways indicated involvement of genes related to inflammation, metabolic regulation, and cellular senescence. These findings establish a proof-of-concept, suggesting that cortisol may induce epigenetic reprogramming through distinct molecular pathways, resulting in biological ageing independent of chronological time. This chapter provides one of the first insights into cortisol-related epigenetic regulation in elephants.

This thesis establishes a comprehensive epigenetic framework for Asian elephants, delivering both practical conservation tools and fundamental biological insights. The progression from targeted gene validation (Chapter 2, MAE = 7.36 years) to genome-wide discovery (Chapter 3, MAE = 4.82 years) demonstrates a strategic methodological development that balances cost-effectiveness with precision, with adaptation to non-invasive faecal samples (Chapter 4, MAE = 9.31 years). This approach not only enables molecular age estimation but also identifies physiological factors that may accelerate ageing independent of chronological time (Chapter 5). While this thesis provides laboratory-based proof-of-concept using captive elephants, the next critical step is to validate these tools in semi-captive and wild populations to establish truly field-deployable methods for conservation monitoring. Future research should continue to investigate how environmental factors influence methylation patterns and biological ageing. Ultimately, integrating epigenetic biomarkers into the monitoring of this endangered species will provide new capabilities for assessing health, welfare, and population dynamics, to bridge molecular biology with conservation strategies.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Presenter 2： Akihiro Itahara

Chairperson：Satoshi Hirata

Title：Tracking gaze direction in crows and its application in behavioral experiments
Language:  Slide (Japanese), Talk (English)
Abstract：Recent technological advancements enable the precise tracking of subtle animal movements, including the saccadic head movements of birds. Head movement and posture are useful for estimating a bird's attentional direction (gaze), and evaluating attention is essential for detailed studies in behavior and cognition. Crows have demonstrated sophisticated cognitive features in many studies, and tracking their attention can deepen the understanding of their unique cognitive traits. To further advance the study of behavior and cognition in crows, we developed a gaze tracking method targeting Large-billed Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos).

First, we constructed a facility for tracking the crow's head movement using an infrared motion capture system and created a calibration method for calculating head orientation from the tracked marker coordinates. As a result, the system successfully tracked the crow's head posture with an error of less than 1 degree.

Next, to extend this method to gaze tracking, we measured the visual field configuration of Large-billed Crows using a conventional ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. Furthermore, using the motion tracking system, we investigated the distribution of attention-getting stimuli within their visual field. We confirmed that they utilize specific visual field regions, such as the area around the beak tip and around the optic axis.

The gaze tracking method was applied to actual behavioral and cognitive studies: Gaze Following (GF), Anticipatory Looking (AL), and Violation of Expectation (VoE) paradigms. In the GF paradigm, crows followed the gaze movement of conspecifics when a visual target was presented on the ground, but they did not when it was presented on the ceiling. In the AL paradigm, while crows predicted the location where an object would appear, they did not anticipate the trajectory of a human hand movement. In the VoE paradigm, they did not show a recovery when confronted with a surprising event that violated their expectation.

2025年10月21日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 21st October.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Sofia Vilela

Chairperson：Shinya Yamamoto

Title: Exploring the emotional life of Asian elephants: from mental states to conflict management

Language: Slide (English), Talk (English)

Abstract: The Asian elephant is a highly social and cognitively advanced species, making it a compelling model for studying the cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying sociality. However, research on the emotional experiences of elephants and their influence on social behavior remains limited. This research therefore aimed to investigate (1) the mechanisms and behaviors associated with the individual emotional experience and (2) how emotions can shape specific social behavioral patterns and drive sociality.

In chapter 2, it was investigated whether self-directed behavior could reflect negative mental states associated to social stress. The influence of social stress was examined on two dimensions of self-directed behavior: (1) after receiving an aggression and (2) basal levels in the absence of a clear distressing occurrence. Results showed an increase in self-directed behavior levels as a result of increased social stress.

In chapter 3, it was examined brain hemispheric differential processing of emotions through behavioral laterality. It is proposed an increase in the activity of the right hemisphere associated to negative emotional processing.

In chapter 4, the social behavioral patterns, after aggressions, from uninvolved individuals towards the aggressor and the victim were examined to explore underlying mechanisms associated to conflict resolution and its potential functional implications.  

In chapter 5, social tension is examined as a potential strategy to prevent aggression and to control conflicts, suggesting that uninvolved individuals may be sensitive enough to others’ tensions to intervene.

The General Discussion incorporates overall findings, discussing the potential role of emotions - from the individual to inter-individual levels – in shaping sociality. Specifically, peacekeeping mechanisms and conflict management strategies are discussed. Furthermore, based on the results, self-directed behavior and behavioral laterality are suggested as potential behavioral tools to assess the mental states of Asian elephants.

Presenter 2： Yume Okamoto

Title：Rehearsal of Lesson for a High School Class

Language:  Talk (Japanese), Slides (Japanese)
Abstract：This is a practice for a class introducing my research at high school, as a part of an outreach program that Kyoto University provides. I'm sorry but please note that the talk&slides are in Japanese because the class is for Japanese high school students.
高校生を対象とした研究紹介のための模擬授業を行います。オンライン交流ツールを活用しての授業を企画しており、方法を模索しているため、ぜひフィードバックをいただけると嬉しいです。

The following is the title and an overview of the class:
授業テーマ「ネコの行動を遺伝子から解き明かしたい！～生物学から見たネコの魅力と遺伝解析入門～」
みんな知っている生物、ネコ。伴侶動物としても愛され、人と近い距離で暮らしていますが、進化の背景を踏まえるとこれは少し不思議です。というのも、祖先のリビアヤマネコを含めてネコ科動物の大半は単独性で、他個体と一緒に生活することはほぼ無いためです。そこで私は、ネコはなぜ人とひとつ屋根の下で暮らすようになったのかをDNAから探る研究をしています。背景には家畜化の過程での遺伝子の変化があるのではないかと考えて、これまで400頭以上のネコのDNAと行動評定のデータを集めてきました。生物でも習う電気泳動やサンガー法を用いた実験の実例を紹介しながら、ネコの遺伝子研究を通して分かってきた成果をお話します。

2025年10月14日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 14th October.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Alisa Tobe

Chairperson：Miho Murayama

Title：Ecological genetics of the Crested Serpent-eagle in Okinawa: Toxin Resistance, Diet, and Diversity

Language:  Slide (English), Talk (Japanese)
Abstract：The Crested serpent-eagle (Spilornis cheela perplexus) is a top predator inhabiting Iriomote and Ishigaki Islands in Japan. The Japanese Ministry of the Environment categorizes this subspecies as Critically Endangered (CR), with only about 100 individuals remaining on each island. The eagle has faced increasing anthropogenic pressure such as loss of suitable habitats by land development, roadkills, and invasive species. As small island ecosystems inherently support limited population sizes and restricted gene flow, the long-term persistence of the eagle populations might be highly vulnerable to environmental change. Despite their ecological importance, detailed ecological and genetic assessments have remained limited. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify how evolutionary history and human activities interact to shape the persistence of small island populations using ecological and evolutionary genetic approaches.

In Chapter 2, this study investigated the genetical adaptation of the eagles to the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina), a highly toxic species with bufotoxin recently established on Ishigaki Island. Genomic sequencing analysis of three ATP1A paralogs revealed an amino acid substitution in ATP1A1 known to confer bufotoxin resistance, suggesting that the eagle possesses evolutionarily retained toxin tolerance even though there were no cane toads in this island since the ancient era. This adaptation likely allowed the eagles to exploit the toads as prey without suffering poisoning, a unique case among raptors.

In Chapter 3, we examined how strongly the eagles rely on the invasive toad as a food resource. DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples combined with observation of the feeding behavior showed that cane toads constituted up to 30% of the diet on Ishigaki. Furthermore, the probability of toad predation tended to increase with toad density, but with wide 95% credible interval, suggesting an opportunistic predation but partial non-negligible dependence. These results indicate that while toad eradication is necessary for ecosystem restoration, its implementation should carefully consider potential short-term impacts on the eagle’s food availability.

In Chapter 4, population structure and phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome resequencing revealed genetic differentiation between the Iriomote and Ishigaki populations. Genome-wide heterozygosity of Okinawa populations was approximately half that of the Taiwan and Simeulue populations, being particularly lower in Ishigaki individuals than in those from Iriomote (p = 6.4 × 10⁻⁴). Runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis also revealed longer homozygous segments in the Okinawa populations, especially in Ishigaki (p = 9.8 × 10⁻⁷). Historical demographic inference indicated a continuous decline in effective population size (Nₑ) in both Okinawa populations since the late Pleistocene, with a bottleneck from approximately 1,000 to fewer than several hundred individuals, accompanied by population divergence between Iriomote and Ishigaki occurring a few hundred years ago. the loss of genetic diversity and higher inbreeding have likely been driven by a prolonged population decline, particularly in the Ishigaki population, under both geographical isolation and anthropogenic pressures.

Chapter 5 integrates these results to propose conservation strategies. The persistence of the eagle populations depends not only on mitigating anthropogenic threats but also on managing ecological interactions shaped by evolutionary history. The toxin-resistant genotype enables exploitation of invasive toads, yet increasing predation on them may destabilize native food webs. Thus, toad eradication should be carefully planned alongside the recovery of native amphibian fauna. Given the low genetic diversity and isolation of both the Iriomote and Ishigaki populations, reducing roadkill, restoring habitats or promoting gene flow—potentially through maintaining suitable corridors or nearby islets—are crucial. The Crested serpent-eagle’s unique evolutionary background and ecological role as an apex predator underscore the importance of integrative, science-based management to sustain the biodiversity and ecological balance of the Yaeyama Islands.

Presenter 2： Miho Murayama

Chairperson：

Title：International Collaboration Is Key to Advancing Research
Language:  English
Abstract：Understanding the molecular basis of animal behavior has been the driving motivation of my research. Through international collaborations, the identification of genes associated with behavioral traits or personality have significantly advanced for various species. Since I met Prof. Kayang, we have been collaborating on the domestication of the grasscutter in Ghana. Selecting docile individuals is key to domestication, and both behavioral assessment methods and pedigree development have been established through collaborations with several international research groups. Through collaborations with experts from diverse disciplines, we apply our expertise in genetic analysis to practical approaches of wildlife conservation.

Presenter 3：Boniface Baboreka Kayang

Chairperson：Miho Murayama

Title： Bridging Traditions and Science: Holistic Conservation of Ghana's Wildlife with a Focus on the Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas)
Language:  English
Abstract：Ghana’s commitment to conserving its rich wildlife heritage is guided by a policy of sustainable development for both environmental and societal benefit. This presentation examines this holistic approach, using the Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) as a focal point. It explores the integration of field-based conservation, community-led initiatives like sacred groves, and critical scientific research in genetics and ecology. The case of the Patas monkey underscores the effective strategy of bridging traditional knowledge with modern science, showcasing a viable model for ensuring the long-term survival of Ghana’s biodiversity in the face of growing threats.

2025年10月7日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 7th October. (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter ： Takuto Sugimoto

Chairperson：Satoshi Hirata

Title： 「Social Evaluation of Humans by Horses (Equus caballus): Assessing the Dimensions of Prosociality and Skillfulness（ウマによるヒトの社会的評価：協力性とスキルの次元からの検証）」
Language:   Slides in English, talk in Japanese
Abstract：I examines whether and how horses evaluate two classes of human traits—prosociality and skill—via third-party observation and direct experience.Chapter 2 employs a Helping–Container paradigm to test third-party evaluation of a helper versus a non-helper (Experiment 1), to tighten inference under need-state control using an unsolvable task (Experiment 2), and to probe responses to a consoler versus a taker in a consolation scenario (Experiment 3). Chapter 3 targets skill with an object-manipulation task: Experiments 1–2 assess preferential looking and choice toward skilled versus unskilled demonstrators, including outcome-matched demonstrations; Experiment 3 adds direct experience to test how first-hand outcomes shape gaze and choice. I will present the accomplishments and the implications of my study.

Title: Study on a recolonizing population of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in eastern Hokkaido: feeding habits and the effects of a major environmental disturbance upon them

( 北海道東部におけるラッコ（Enhydra lutris）の再定住個体群に関する研究：食性と大きな環境撹乱の影響) 

2025年7月29日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 29th July.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Honoka Tanohata

Chairperson：LiuLiu

Title：Development of Microsatellite Markers to Investigate Male Affiliation and Kinship Structure in Bornean Elephants
Language:  Talk & Slide (English)
Abstract：The Bornean elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis) is an endemic subspecies inhabiting the island of Borneo. In recent decades, rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has led to severe deforestation and habitat fragmentation, resulting in a significant decline in population size and the species being classified as endangered. Typically, male elephants disperse from their natal groups upon maturity and lead a solitary life. However, anecdotal accounts suggest that male Bornean elephants exhibit unusually strong affiliative relationships compared to other elephant populations. This study hypothesizes that habitat fragmentation has restricted male dispersal, causing related males to remain in close proximity and form cohesive groups. To test this hypothesis, I aim to analyze kinship patterns among males, as well as between males and female groups, using microsatellite markers. Due to the exceptionally low genetic diversity in this subspecies, existing microsatellite markers have proven insufficient for accurate kinship estimation. Therefore, the objective of my master’s research is to develop new microsatellite markers and establish a genetic protocol applicable to wild populations.

 In this presentation, I will report on the progress of microsatellite marker development and preliminary validation efforts.

Presenter 2: Casey Mack

Chairperson：Xorlali Azimey

Title：Assessing the effects of human disturbance on the health of bornean orangutans
Language:  English slides and talk (to be presented remotely due to field research)
Abstract: This presentation outlines my first-year progress on a project investigating the impacts of human disturbance on the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), particularly in the Kinabatangan region of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Although iconic, this species faces increasing threats from habitat fragmentation and human activity. This study aims to assess three major factors influencing orangutan health and viability: genetic relatedness, gut microbiome composition, and parasite transmission. First, we will analyze genetic relatedness within the population to evaluate gene flow, which is often restricted in fragmented landscapes and poses a serious threat to long-term genetic diversity. Second, we will sequence the gut microbiome in wild Pongo pygmaeus, as microbial communities may be altered by anthropogenic pressures. Third, we will examine patterns of parasite transmission, since some parasites are capable of crossing species barriers and may pose risks to both orangutans and humans, particularly in the context of expanding ecotourism and palm oil plantations. By investigating these three factors in the same individuals, we aim to identify potential correlations among them and evaluate how they may be shaped by human-driven environmental disturbance. 

Presenter 3: Fitri Suhaimi

Chairperson: Amos Chua

Title:  Effects of Group Size and Habitat Disturbance on Intestinal Parasite Loads in Free-ranging Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis larvatus)

Language: English (Slides and Talk)

Abstract: In this seminar, I will be presenting our recent publication (in review). Group-living primates face both the benefits and costs of sociality, one of which is an increased risk of parasite transmission. While numerous studies have examined ecological and social determinants of parasitic infection, the relative effects of group type (i.e., social structure), group size, and anthropogenic habitat disturbance remain insufficiently understood—particularly in Southeast Asian primates. In this study, we examined the abundance of intestinal parasites in proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) inhabiting a riverine forest along the Menanggul River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. A total of 160 fecal samples were collected year-round from individuals belonging to one-male–multifemale and all-male groups, situated in habitats exhibiting varying degrees of human disturbance. Using fecal egg counts and Bayesian modeling, we assessed the influence of group type, group size, and sampling location on parasite abundance. We identified three nematode taxa—Trichuris sp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Oesophagostomum aculeatum—with an overall infection prevalence of 80.6%. Group type did not significantly affect parasite abundance. However, group size was positively associated with Trichuris sp. and negatively associated with both S. fuelleborni and O. aculeatum. Moreover, parasite abundance for Trichuris sp. was higher in more disturbed downstream areas, while O. aculeatum abundance increased in less disturbed upstream habitats. These findings indicate that parasite infections in N. larvatus are shaped by a combination of social and environmental variables, underscoring the importance of taxon-specific approaches in conservation strategies under intensifying anthropogenic pressures.

Presenter 4: Mayu Shimada

Chairperson: Hizuki Nakamura

Title: Investigating information exchange mechanisms of large-billed crows: My next research plan

Language: Slides(English), Talk(Japanese)

Abstract: Collective movement of animals is often explained by simple local interaction rules, such as repulsion and attraction between individuals. Such models have successfully reproduced synchronized movement in fish schools and bird flocks. However, how decision-making based on complex cognitive processes of individuals influences collective movement remains poorly understood. One example of group movement is the daily commute from a roost to foraging sites. In some avian species, including corvids,  individuals without foraging information are thought to locate food patches by following those with such information. Thus, roosts are considered to provide opportunities for information exchange. However, how uninformed individuals decide whom to follow remains unclear. Therefore, I am developing a research plan to investigate the decision-making mechanisms underlying following behavior in large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) during their departures from roosts to foraging patches. Given their high sociality and cognitive abilities, crows may strategically select whom to follow rather than doing so randomly, in order to enhance foraging efficiency. I hypothesize the existence of both group-level mechanisms based on simple rules and individual-level mechanisms, such as the selective following of individuals who appear knowledgeable or have specific social relationships. To test this hypothesis, I plan to combine field studies with behavioral experiments using captive crows. As a first step, I observed departure behavior at a roost in the Kyoto Imperial Palace. I found that many individuals followed others during departure, and that following did not occur solely between spatially proximate individuals. This suggests that crows may selectively follow specific individuals.

7/28（月） 野生動物研究センター地下会議室（zoomハイブリッド）

July 28th (Mon) Conference room at WRC and Zoom

14:00 - 14:30  Fadel Abdurrahman Azhari（保全福祉科学・M2）

ゲノム解析が解き明かす国内のオジロワシの遺伝的多様性

14:30 - 15:30  Piao Yige（野生動物・D5）

Looking and learning: investigating the mechanisms of social learning of tool use in chimpanzees and bonobos

(見て学ぶ:チンパンジー・ボノボにおける道具使用の社会学習メカニズムの探究) 

2025年7月22日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 22nd July.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1: Amos Chua

Chairperson: Fitri Suhaimi

Title:  My Postgraduate Research - A Comprehensive Study on Vietnam’s Endemic and Endangered Primate: The Con Song Long-Tailed Macaque Project

Language: Slides (English & Japanese) and Talk (English)

Abstract: The Con Song long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis condorensis) is an endangered subspecies endemic to the Con Dao Archipelago, Vietnam. It faces severe threats, including urban and coastal development, human-wildlife conflict, genetic isolation, illegal captures and potentially traps. Despite its threatened status, very little progress has been made in the conservation actions outlined in the local primate action plan, and no baseline data exist on its ecology, behavior, population, or genetics. If the population continues to be neglected, this small, isolated population risks rapid extinction, leading to irreversible species loss and ecosystem impacts, as well as permanent taxonomic uncertainty. Therefore, this project aims to establish crucial baseline data on the subspecies as soon as possible. This comprehensive research plan, comprising of three projects, focuses on investigating the diet, behaviour, population and genetics of the subspecies over a six-month field study. Project 1 investigates the socioecology of the subspecies through dominance and social network structures. Project 2 investigates the diet and genetics of the subspecies through fecal sample analysis. Project 3 investigates the population size and distribution across the Con Dao archipelago. The findings from this research plan will enhance scientific knowledge of the subspecies and support conservation planning by informing local government and organizations. This project is critical for guiding the development of effective conservation strategies and ensuring the long-term survival of the Con Song long-tailed macaque.

Presenter 2: Azimey Xorlali
Chairperson: Hizuki Nakamura
Title: Genetic Polymorphisms of Selected Candidate Genes Influencing Behavior in Grasscutter
Language: Slides (English) & Talk (English)
Abstract:The grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), a culinary delicacy in sub-Saharan Africa, possesses considerable economic and cultural significance. Notwithstanding its prevalence, conventional hunting techniques present ecological and health hazards. Since the 1970s, efforts to domesticate grasscutters have aimed to mitigate these issues; however, they face obstacles such as elevated mortality rates due to the grasscutter’s aggressive nature. Recent advancements, such as the Ghana Grasscutter Project, have enhanced domestication results, uncovering disparities in growth and behavior related to their genetics. The advancement in molecular genetics in breeding programs paves a way to explore gene polymorphisms influencing behavior for enhanced domestication.

This study looked at differences in the androgen receptor gene (AR) and the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and how these differences relate to tameness in semi-domesticated grasscutters in Ghana. Our findings show a significant difference in tameness scores between male and female grasscutters in the AR gene, with longer alleles linked to higher tameness in both sexes. The OXTR analysis identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with one major SNP site showing no significant correlation with tameness scores, necessitating further analysis of the other SNP sites. 

Presenter 3: Publicity Committee

Chairperson: Yoko Mitani, Mayako Fujihara, Yu Sato

2025年07月15日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 15th July.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1: Hizuki Nakamura     

Chairperson: Xorlali Azimey

Title: Conservation Genomics of Red-crowned Crane 〜from Genetic Diversity, Demography & Inbreeding  

Language: Slides (English) and Talk (Japanese)

Abstract: The Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis)  is an endangered crane species that inhabits Hokkaido and eastern Eurasia, and has been classified as vulnerable (VU) by Japanese Ministry of the Environment. In Hokkaido, this bird was nearly extinct once due to a rapid population decrease in the 1800s, but it has been recovered now and the current population size is estimated to be over 1,900. On the other hand, serious bottleneck in the past might led severe inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, which potentially have negative impacts on their fitness: immunity, reproduction success and ability to adapt to the environment. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to reveal the genetic diversity and the degree of inbreeding of the Red-crowned Cranes and to establish effective conservation strategies.

This study conducted genomic analyses largely for two populations of Red-crowned Cranes, “Hokkaido” and “Continental”, while two other species, Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) and Common Crane (Grus grus) were used as outgroups in some analyses. First of all, Red-crowned Crane should be proved to have two genetically independent populations. Population Structure analysis supported the explicit differentiation between two populations of Red-crowned Crane. PSMC and SMC++ analysis, methods to estimate demography, generated the transition of effective population size of each population from 10 mya to about 500 years ago. From this result, not only the past demography but also the recent status of their genetic diversity were clarified, which suggested that Hokkaido population had experienced two-step great decline of effective population size 10 Kya and 1 Kya. In addition their present genetic diversity was assessed by genome-wide heterozygosity. This result simply showed the apparent loss of genetic diversity of Hokkaido population compared with other populations. Additionally, runs of homozygosity (ROH) was used as an indicator of inbreeding. In this analysis, Hokkaido population was considered to be the most inbred population, followed by Continental population and Hooded Crane. In conclusion, Hokkaido population of Red-crowned Crane was found to be highly inbred and have considerably low genetic diversity despite the recovery of population size. Therefore, it is critical to immediately disperse the habitats and consider to perform genetic rescue to prevent them from rapidly declining. However, the number of individuals used in this analysis was small, so more samples need to be added (ten samples for each poplation).

2025年07月08日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 08th August.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Fadel Abdurrahman Azhari

Chairperson：Xorlali Azimey

Title： Genome analyses reveal genetic diversity and population structure of White-tailed eagles in Japan

Language: Slides in English, talk in English

Abstract：

The White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, WTE) is a large sea eagle that is distributed from Hokkaido to Europe. Despite being listed as a vulnerable (VU) species by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, little is known about its genetic makeup which is crucial for designing effective conservation strategies to ensure the species’ long-term sustainability. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of wild and captive WTE in Japan, we conducted a genomic study. Whole-genome analyses were performed on wild individuals from Hokkaido and Europe, while microsatellite analyses were conducted on both wild Hokkaido individuals and captive individuals from Japanese zoos. Our main findings revealed two distinct genetic clusters (WA and WB) within the Hokkaido WTE population. Notably, all individuals sampled in the summer, which are assumed that resident birds remaining beyond the wintering season, belonged to the same genetic cluster (WB) and showed lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficients than WA. Meanwhile, individuals sampled in winter, which might be a resident or migrant individual, belonged to both clusters. In addition, we found that these Hokkaido populations had higher genetic diversity than the European populations. In captive individuals, no significant differences in genetic diversity levels were observed compared to wild individuals. However, a possible second cluster in the zoo samples were observed, suggesting individuals of different origin. These findings provide valuable insights for the conservation of WTE in Japan and contribute to a broader understanding of the species' global genetic diversity.

2025年7月1日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 1st July 2025.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter： Sara Kim 

Chairperson：Eiichiro Ozasa

Title： My past research (about Dolphin population dynamics) and future research
Language:   Slides in English, talk in Japanese

Abstract：

Around 140 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabit Mikura

Island, where dolphin watching has been ongoing since 1993. Concerns about its

impact have increased, with reported behavioral changes in response to boats and

swimmers. To assess population-level effects, I estimated survival rates using

the Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model by life stage and examined the effect of

dolphin-watching boat numbers. Results showed no significant impact on survival,

suggesting that current practices and regulations are sustainable. Behavioral

flexibility, especially in adults, may explain the lack of detectable effects.

[My future research in master’s course]

　My master’s research investigates how environmental underwater noise—such as

glacier calving and vessel noise—affects the vocalizations of narwhals (Monodon

monoceros) in northwestern Greenland. In recent years, the Arctic has

experienced rapid environmental changes, including glacier retreat and sea ice

loss, accompanied by increasing human activity. As Arctic noise levels rise due

to climate change and human activity, narwhals may face communication

interference. I will conduct long-term passive acoustic monitoring in the

northwestern Greenland to analyze both environmental sounds and narwhal

responses, aiming to understand how soundscape changes affect this species.

2024年6月24日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 24th June.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Kazaho Tsumura

Chairperson：Amos Chua

Title：My future research plan (about zoo education for animal welfare)

Language:  Slides in English, talk in Japanese

Abstract：

There are two main ways to contribute to wildlife conservation and animal welfare. The first way is to learn about animal ecology and behavior through research experiments. The second way is to raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and animal welfare through education. "Education for Sustainable Development: ESD" (UNESCO,2019) emphasizes the importance of education in protecting the environment. Furthermore, as stated in 'Social Change for Conservation' (WAZA, 2020), zoos and aquariums are encouraged to achieve this goal. While many zoos and aquariums in Japan have educational programs, there are still very few programs that are designed specifically for junior and senior high school students.

The “MIKKE” program at Kyoto City Zoo is an example of an educational program that allows participants to learn about animal ecology and welfare through scientific exploration. In this program, participants get to experience activities such as forming their own hypotheses about the behavior of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), creating a living environment for them, and observing their behavior. It could be assumed that the educational value of this program is supported by the intrinsic motivation theory based on several factors including self-determination. My previous research has already shown that MIKKE has positive effects on education for participants. Although the program is currently designed for children from preschool to elementary school, its unique approach makes it ideal for junior high school and senior high school education.

In this study, I will create a model version of MIKKE that is purposed for junior and senior high school students and evaluate its effectiveness as an educational tool. In addition, to make the program more practical, I will also conduct a questionnaire survey to explore the challenges of cooperation between zoos/aquariums and schools.

2025年6月17日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 17th June.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Minsheng Huang

Chairperson：Sara Kim

Title：Past research and future research plan

Language:  Both slides and talk in English

Abstract：

Undergraduate project research: Studies on the feasibility of external protection device for vessel propeller

In the past few decades, over 100 baiji or finless porpoise were killed by spinning propeller in Yangtze River, China. To avoid these accidents, this research studied on the feasibility of protection device for vessel propeller from materials, propulsion efficiency and cost calculation.

Master project research plan: Studies on killer whale vocalization off the coast of Kushiro, Hokkaido.

Commercial fishery depredation had been reported in Kushiro, Hokkaido since 2010s. However, for various reasons, conducting individual identification and biologging is difficult. This research focus on sound file collected by Soundtrap deployed in gill net by passive acoustic monitoring. Analysis about killer whales’ call type, number, dial patterns and change of these characteristics during and after vessel noise to check whether there is any influence from fishing vessel to killer whales. If so, whether this influence is related to fishery depredation will also be checked. Analysis of data from 2024/12 in Kushiro is included in this presetation as pre-study.

2025年06月10日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 10th June.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter: Hoi-Lam Jim (Chair: Shinya Yamamoto)

Title: Social attention and decision-making in Asian elephants

Language: English
Abstract: In this talk, I will present my postdoctoral research focusing on Asian elephant cognition, starting with the project as it was originally proposed and following how it evolved over time in response to challenges and unexpected turns. During my time in Japan, I have completed a study investigating whether elephants understand human visual attention, and I am currently conducting another study on their ability to delay gratification. I will share the results and progress of these studies, as well as my plans for future work.

 Alongside the scientific story, I will also talk a little about my experience navigating postdoc life and am happy to discuss anything that might be helpful for those considering a postdoc themselves.

2025年06月03日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 3rd June.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom

Presenter 1 : Eiichiro Ozasa

Chairperson: Huang Minsheng

Title : My past research (about seabirds) and future research plan (about marine mammals)

Language:  Slides in English, talk in Japanese

Abstract:

[My undergraduate research]

Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, which is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean, is a top predator in the marine ecosystem. During the breeding season, auklets forage in the sea during the day and return to their burrows at night to feed their chicks. In the previous study, parent birds do not return for more than two days depending on prey distribution. Chick begging calls may reflect the return time and frequency of the parent birds, thus, understanding of chick call activity may relate to changes of sea environments. In this study, the temporal variation of chick call activity was examined by using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Chick calls were automatically detected using a supervised learning approach. The results showed that chick calls were recorded throughout the night, and their activity may reflect the frequency of parental return.

[My future research in master’s course]

Cetaceans are distributed worldwide and are considered umbrella species in the marine ecosystem. In Mauritius, many cetacean species have been recorded, and they are increasingly exposed to pressure from tourism activities. Therefore, continuous monitoring is important for their conservation. PAM is a valuable method for monitoring marine mammals. PAM can record long-term and continuous data on cetacean vocalizations regardless of time or sea conditions. I am planning to analyze acoustic data in relation to temporal patterns and marine environment, such as tidal conditions and phenological changes. In addition, I will conduct interview surveys with captains of whale and dolphin watching ships to support acoustic data.

Presenter 2: Suzuki Momoka

Chairperson: Eiichiro Ozasa

Title: Genetic Analysis of Marine Mammals around Hokkaido

Language:  Slides in English, talk in Japanese

Abstract:

Throughout my master and doctor courses, I have been researching marine mammals around Hokkaido using genetic analyses. In the waters around Hokkaido, one of the global hot spots for marine mammals, many marine mammal species are exposed to various risks: recent climate change, conflicts with fisheries, and infection with avian influenza. However, their extinction risks have not yet been assessed, and there are no species-specific conservation and management measures as of now. Marine mammals are apex predators of the marine ecosystem, so major changes in their abundance or species composition could lead to a collapse of the entire ecosystem in the waters around Hokkaido. In addition, several of the species are important resources for tourism in some areas. Therefore, it is necessary to develop conservation and management measures for each species urgently. From my doctoral course, I will focus on multiple marine mammal species around Hokkaido, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sea otters. As whole genome analysis can provide important information to conserve species, I will assess their extinction risks using this methodology. For example, past population dynamics related to historical climate changes can be revealed through the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method, whereas genetic diversity and genetic health can be assessed using genome-wide heterozygosity and runs of homozygosity (ROH) analyses. Furthermore, I will focus on immune genes to assess their vulnerability for serious infections, for example avian influenza. To confirm conservation units of Hokkaido populations, analysis on population genetics will be performed as well.These analyses can contribute to making decisions for conservation strategies on marine mammals around Hokkaido in the future.

2025年05月27日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 27th May.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Yuka Goto (Chaired by Seki Marie)

Title：How multilevel society impacts parasite infection in feral horses

ウマの重層社会と寄生虫分布の関係

Language: English

Abstract：

Living in groups has both benefits, like better protection and foraging, and costs, such as more competition and higher parasite risk. Interestingly, parasite levels can differ among individuals in the same group, and the reasons aren’t fully understood.Furthermore, recent research has revealed that horse societies exhibit a multi-level social structure.

The aim of this study is to use drone-based methods to obtain precise distance data and investigate how social interactions among horses influence parasite transmission. By analyzing not only intra-individual distances but also inter-group distances, we seek to quantify how multilevel social structures in horses affect parasitism. We used drones to obtain precise distances between individuals, and we assessed the parasite load through microscopic examination using the McMaster technique. This approach enables a more accurate assessment of how parasite transmission is influenced by actual patterns of social contact rather than by group size alone.

集団生活には、捕食リスクの軽減や採食効率の向上といった利点がある一方で、食物や交尾相手をめぐる個体間競争の増加や、寄生虫・感染症への曝露リスクの上昇といったコストも伴います。興味深いことに、同じグループ内の個体であっても寄生虫感染の程度には差が見られ、その原因はまだ明らかになっていません。さらに、最近の研究から、馬の社会は多層的な構造を持つことが分かってきています。

本研究の目的は、ドローンを用いて個体間の正確な距離データを取得し、馬の社会的相互作用が寄生虫の伝播にどのように影響するかを明らかにすることです。個体間だけでなくグループ間の距離も分析することで、多層的な社会構造が寄生虫感染に与える影響を定量的に評価しようとしています。実際には、ドローンによって個体間の距離を精密に測定し、McMaster法という顕微鏡技術を用いて寄生虫の感染量を評価しました。このような手法によって、単にグループサイズだけでなく、実際の社会的接触のパターンに基づいた、より正確な寄生虫伝播の評価が可能になります。

Presenter 2： Liu Liu (Chaired by Tanohata Honoka)

Title: Exploring Musical Elements Influencing Musicality and Drumming Behavior in Great Apes

Language:  English

Abstract：

Rhythmic expression is central to human music, and some researchers have proposed that precursors of musicality may be found in non-human primates. Among these, drumming behavior in chimpanzees has attracted attention due to its structured temporal patterns and occasional social use. Recent studies suggest differences in drumming style and possible links to arousal or communicative sequences, yet experimental evidence on what elicits drumming remains limited. This study uses a playback design to investigate whether specific acoustic features—tempo, resonance, and pitch—systematically influence the likelihood of drumming and vocalization in captive chimpanzees. Behavioral responses are video-recorded and analyzed with BORIS, with attention to frequency, latency, and co-occurring social cues. By examining both stimulus-driven and context-dependent factors, this research seeks to clarify how acoustic structure interacts with chimpanzees’ affective or social states, contributing to ongoing comparative work on rhythm sensitivity and its possible evolutionary underpinnings.

2025年5月20日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 20th May.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Madoka Ono

Chairperson：　Haruka Shima

Title：Progress report
Language:  English(slide) and Japanese(talk)
Abstract：

This study investigates interactions between killer whales (Orcinus orca) and coastal fisheries in Kushiro, eastern Hokkaido, focusing on the set net fishery targeting barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). I analyzed shipment volume data from 2008 to 2023 provided by the Kushiro Regional Fisheries Cooperative and interviewed local fishers to explore possible impacts of killer whale depredation. Although fishers reported increasing incidents of damaged nets and missing fish since around 2010, the shipment data showed large interannual fluctuations, including both increases and decreases. As such, no consistent declining trend directly attributable to killer whale depredation was observed. Notably, the decline in shipment volume in 2020 coincided with a confirmed observation of killer whales depredating from set nets. To gather additional information, I also conducted interviews in Rausu. According to the fishers and fisheries cooperative staff I spoke with, there have been no reports or experiences of depredation by killer whales in that area.

Presenter 2： Haruka Shima

Chairperson：Madoka Ono

Title：Past and Future of Unihemispheric Sleep Research
Language:  English(slide) and Japanese(talk)
Abstract：

In this seminar, I will present a review of unihemispheric slow-wave-sleep (USWS) in animals. My research focuses on the sleep posture and sleep-related behavior of fur seals, a marine mammal which is known to exhibit USWS. Unihemispheric sleep is a unique brain state in which one cerebral hemisphere sleeps while the other remains awake—distinct from both full wakefulness and conventional bilateral sleep.

Fur seals are amphibious marine mammals that rest and breed on land while foraging at sea. While they are in the ocean, they are known to float at the surface engaging in USWS, but on land, they predominantly exhibit bilateral sleep like most terrestrial mammals.

To understand the evolutionary adaptations that have shaped such flexible sleep strategies in fur seals, it is essential to understand the physiological and adaptive functions of unihemispheric sleep.

In this presentation, I will provide an overview of USWS research, from its initial discovery to recent developments, especially focusing on experimental methodologies and the adaptive significance of USWS.

2025年05月13日(火)　13:15～ @seminar room + zoom

Date: 13th May.  (Tue)  13:15-  @seminar room + zoom 

Presenter 1 ： Sugiura Hideki

Title：Long-term monitoring of Japanese monkeys in western lowland of Yakushima Island Hideki Sugiura et.al.
Language:  Japanese, slides in English
Abstract：We conducted annual surveys of Japanese macaques in the western region of Yakushima
Island from 1999 to 2020. The purpose of the surveys was to monitor annual changes in
basic population parameters and provide foundational data for understanding the ecology
and conservation of the population. The surveys were conducted annually in August by
walking along a total of 18.4 km of roads, including 11.8 km within the World Heritage-
designated protected area and 6.7 km of roads outside the protected area. During the
surveys, we observed groups of macaques on the roads and recorded the sex and age
class of all individuals visible from the roads.
For the analysis, we divided the area into five: area outside the protected area adjacent to
the north side of the protected area, area outside the protected area adjacent to the south
side of the protected area, and three areas within the protected area divided into north,
central, and south sections.
When comparing outside and inside the protected area, both the number of monkey groups
and the number of monkeys were lower outside the protected area, and there was a
decreasing trend from 2001 to 2020. Within the protected area, the number of groups and
the number of monkeys were lower in the northern part. Additionally, there was a
decreasing trend only in the northern part, while no decreasing trend was observed in the
central and southern parts.
The infant/adult female ratio, which is highly correlated with the birth rate, was low in the
southern non-protected area.
The ratio of adult males to adult females was higher in the northern part of the area outside
the protected area and in the northern part of the protected area, and lower in the central
and southern parts of the protected area. This suggest the relative numbers of females are
lower in the non-protected area and northern protected area.
The infant/adult female ratio, which is highly correlated with the birth rate, showed a two-
year cycle of fluctuations from 1999 to 2007. After that the fluctuations ceased. This is
thought to be due to the fact that female Japanese macaques have a birth interval of two
years or more and are less likely to give birth in the year following childbirth.
Outside the protected area, the number of monkeys is thought to be low due to pest
control. However, even within the protected area, the number of monkeys is not uniform,
with a particular decline in the northern region. In the northern region, where past forest
disturbance was smaller than the middle and southern part, forest succession may have
progressed, and reducing the carrying capacity for monkeys.

屋久島西部低地におけるニホンザルの長期モニタリング
杉浦秀樹、揚妻直樹、揚妻芳美、藤田志歩、田中俊明、鈴木真理子、相場可奈、香田啓貴、原
澤牧子、室山泰之、清水桃子、川添達朗、澤田晶子、小山陽子、浅井隆之、早石周平、
久保律子、五島渉、島悠希
私たちは屋久島西部地域で、1999年から2020年まで、毎年定期的なニホンザルの調査を行
った。この地域の個体群の基礎的なパラメーターの年次変化をモニターし、個体群の生態
の理解や保全のための基礎資料を提供することが目的である。調査は毎年8月に、11.8km
の世界遺産地域の保護区内の道路と、その外側の世界遺産でない合計6.7kmの道路の、合
計18.4kmの道路上を歩くことによって行った。調査中、道路上に出ているサルの群を観察
し、道路上から観察できる全ての個体の性・年齢クラスを記録した。
分析は、保護区の北側に隣接する保護区外の道路、保護区の南側に隣接する保護区外の道
路、保護区内を3分割する北、中央、南の道路の5つに分けて行った。保護区外と保護区内
を比較すると、保護区外の方がサルの群、サルの頭数共に、保護区内より発見率が低く、
また2001年から2020年まで、減少傾向があった。保護区の内部での比較では、発見した群

の数、頭数共に、北側で発見率が低かった。また、北側だけで減少傾向があり、中央部、
南部では、減少傾向はなかった。
出生率との関連が高いinfant / adult female の値は、保護区外の南部で低かった。
成体オスと成体メスの比率は、保護区外、保護区内の北部でオスが多く、保護区の中央部
、南部で低かった。
出生率との関連が高いinfant / adult female の値は、出産率が極端に低かった1999年から
2007年まで、2年周期の振動を繰り返し、その後、振動はなくなった。これは、ニホンザ
ルのメスの出産間隔が2年かそれ以上であり、子どもを産んだ翌年は、出産することが少
ないことによる振動だと考えられる。
保護区外では、サルの有害鳥獣捕獲が行われていることから、サルの頭数が少ないと考え
られる。しかし、保護区の中でも、サルの頭数は一様ではなく、特に北部の減少傾向があ
った。北部では過去の森林の撹乱が少なかったため、森林の遷移が進み、サルのキャパシ
ティーが減少している可能性があるかもしれない。

Presenter 2：  Aru Toyoda

Title： Research Plan for 2025: Survey Plan Toward the Development of a Conservation Strategy for Wild Stump-tailed Macaques in Thailand
Language:  English
Abstract： In this presentation, I will outline the 2025 research plan, with a particular focus on activities related to the development of a conservation strategy for the local population of wild stump-tailed macaques in Thailand.
In the Khao Taomor Non-Hunting Area, where I conduct field research, crop damage caused by macaques has become a growing concern in recent years. I will begin by explaining the background behind the increasing visibility of this issue, and then identify the research activities necessary to formulate an evidence-based, appropriate conservation and management plan for the local population. Finally, I will present the specific research activities scheduled for this fiscal year.

Title： Conservation of Primates and Forests in the Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda, and Collaboration with Local Communities
Language:  English (Slides also in English)
Abstract：Since 1992, we have conducted long-term research on chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest Reserve, western Uganda. In addition to academic studies, we have actively supported conservation efforts in collaboration with the National Forestry Authority and local communities. Our recent activities include long-term monitoring of primates to support a new ecotourism project, proposing revised tourist routes, and initiating the

habituation of a new chimpanzee group. We have also promoted improved cookstove use and beekeeping to reduce pressure on the forest and support local livelihoods. These integrated efforts aim to conserve biodiversity while enhancing the well-being of surrounding communities.