Caffeine can both relieve and trigger migraines, depending on how it’s used. 

Caffeine as a Migraine Treatment: In small amounts, caffeine may relieve migraines by narrowing blood vessels (vasoconstriction), reducing headache pain. This is why it is included in medications like Excedrin Migraine, which combines acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine for enhanced pain relief. Caffeine can also improve the absorption and efficacy of pain relievers. However, frequent use of caffeine-containing medications can contribute to medication-overuse headaches, making moderation essential. 

Caffeine as a Migraine Trigger: Regular caffeine consumption (three or more days per week) can lead to dependency, increasing the risk of withdrawal headaches that mimic or trigger migraines when caffeine is reduced. Caffeine withdrawal causes blood vessel expansion (vasodilation), leading to increased blood flow and migraine pain. For some, small doses help prevent migraines, while for others, even minimal intake can trigger headaches. 

Finding the Right Balance: Individuals with migraines should track caffeine intake and symptoms to identify personal triggers. Occasional use may help with relief, but overuse increases migraine frequency. 

The key takeaway is that Caffeine can be both a relief and a risk. Used occasionally, it may help relieve migraines. However, frequent or excessive use leads to dependency, withdrawal headaches, and more migraines. Moderation is key, and consulting a healthcare professional can help optimize migraine management.

 1. Mayo Clinic – Caffeine and Migraines: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207

 2. Mayo Clinic – Medication Overuse Headache: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/medication-overuse-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20377083

 3. WebMD – Caffeine and Headaches: https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/caffeine-and-headaches