Triphasic Training:
One Strategy for Endless Breakthrough
Cameron Maung-Maung & Alyssa Hall
Triphasic Training:
One Strategy for Endless Breakthrough
Cameron Maung-Maung & Alyssa Hall
Triphasic Training is the secret sauce that's keeping collegiate athletes moving towards physiological adaptation. This training tool can keep you ticking towards peak performance, whatever your 'gameday' might look like.
Strength and Conditioning, known as S&C, echoes ominous connotations of 4am workouts and gut-wrenching circuit-style training. Many of us picture perfectly sculpted athletes dripping with sweat or barbells stacked with more plates than you'd find in most commercial gyms.
Naturally, most gym-goers can be put off by these images, and indeed the complex linguistics that accompany them. Talk of concurrent periodization, energy systems, amortization phases and training tools like Triphasic Training (TT) barely evades alphabet spaghetti, even for those familiar with strength training facilities. The vast majority of those who exercise regularly or even commit to a training program are under-informed on the tools they can (and arguably should) use, settling instead for more impotent but socially acceptable methods of training.
We want to inspire some boldness here. Methods of resistance training, particularly triphasic training are an untouched goldmine of physiological adaptation for a great number of gym-goers.
A mass overhaul of your current training regime isn’t necessary, you just need to modify the principles of your program to meet the parameters of TT. That’s the beauty of the TT model. Its inherent flexibility means it can be implemented for beginners or advanced athletes alike, and into almost any existing strength program. Regardless of age, training experience or physical ability, there is almost certainly space for some subphase of triphasic training in your workouts, if not the whole package.
The most important consideration when using TT is discipline. Creating high standards and holding yourself accountable in your training will have tremendous benefits, as is the case with most types of resistance training.
Let us retrace our steps a little. First introduced by Cal Dietz (pictured left) and Ben Peterson in their manual Triphasic training: a systematic approach to elite speed and explosive strength performance, TT is a tool which integrates different styles of muscular contraction to produce a lifting protocol that, according to Dietz and Peterson, is more potent than traditional lifting.
The program is sectioned into three main phases of lifting: eccentric, isometric, and concentric. These types of musclar contraction have long been understood but undoubtably, Dietz and Peterson were the first to make the most of this long standing knowledge!
Eccentric muscle contraction works in the same direction as gravity
An isometric muscle contraction produces force without moving the object of resistance
Concentric muscle contraction works in opposition to gravity as the muscle lengthens
The implementation of TT protocols into a training regime can look very different, depending on the team or athlete participating. With that said, there are general guidlines for the rep durations and percentage loads which should be utilised during different subphases.
Dietz and Peterson provide an in depth framework and analysis of the rep scheme and tempo which they have found to be most effective; see the example for a two week isometric block on the left. Take the week 1, Monday session as a sample. It can be read as one set of 5 reps at 50% of the athlete's maximal weight they can lift for one reptition (known as a '1 rep max' or 1RM).
According to this protocol, this is to be completed at a 0:6:0 tempo, meaning no particular time is prescribed for the eccentric (first number) or concentric (last number) portions of the lift, but that a six second isometric hold should be performed at the maximal range of motion for the lift.
There is no set, rep, tempo or percentage scheme that is absolutely imperative for the Triphasic Training method. Rather a program can be altered depending on the practitioner's own experience with the protocol as well as seasonal and athlete-specific considerations. This inherent flexibility is a significant advantage for the TT system, elevating it above many other rigid training protocols!
One of the biggest challenges for coaches and athletes alike is figuring out when to integrate TT into training programs. Timing of TT requires careful consideration because athletes need to feel fresh and ready to perform at their best during competitions. Overtraining, soreness and neuromuscular fatigue can all negatively impact performance on game day.
In a 2020 survey of 98 S&C practitioners, McNeill and colleagues found that most preferred to use TT-style protocols during the off-season (30%) or preseason (32%). Very few used it during the competitive season, citing concerns about maintaining peak performance and preventing injuries. These findings highlight the need to tailor timing to the specific needs of athletes and sports.
Research also shows that training age—the amount of experience an athlete has with structured strength practice—is a key factor. As Simon Walker noted, more experienced athletes often require advanced methods like TT to continue improving their strength and neuromuscular performance. In contrast, beginners can achieve significant gains with more traditional training approaches.
This idea is supported by studies like those of Bazyler, Beckham and Sato, as well as the original TT manual by Dietz and Peterson, which suggest that TT is ideal for seasoned lifters who need additional challenges to see progress. It is also true that some experts believe aspects of TT to beneficial to athletes of all levels. For example, Scott Meier (a S&C coach and advocate of TT) argues that using eccentrically or isometrically focused exercises can help beginners improve their technique and control, while still adapting the intensity to match their experience level.
Strength training has become a foundational practice for collegiate and professional athletes to obtain the next level of performance in their sport.
Photo sourced from Google ImagesFor coaches, especially at the high school or collegiate level, managing athletes with a mix of training ages is a constant challenge. Teams often include freshmen and beginner lifters, all the way up to highly experienced lifters, so programming TT effectively requires balancing individual needs with the overall team dynamic. To cater for this range of athlete profile, TT can be modified using lighter weights and emphasizing control during the eccentric (lowering) phase of movements.
Triphasic Training is just one tool in the broader landscape of S&C training. There's no doubt that its effectiveness depends on the athlete, their goals, and the careful planning of coaches. There's still much to learn, but TT offers a versatile option for developing strength, power, and technique in athletes and everyday folk alike.
If you would like to know more about the resources discussed in this article, please feel free to explore the Google Scholar, in which most existing literature on Triphasic Training is situated.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C15&q=triphasic+training&btnG=
For some further reading, enjoy some of Cameron and Alyssa's favourite research studies!
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32796422/
https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/theses/916/
https://simplifaster.com/articles/triphasic-training-high-school/