Essential Understandings
Learning Set 1:
Air has mass and volume.
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Matter can exist in three states (or phases): solid, liquid, and gas.
The state (or phase) of matter can be changed by temperature.
Gas does not have a definite shape or volume and can be added and removed.
Gas can be compressed and expanded.
Gas is made of particles and empty spaces are in between each particle of air.
All matter is made of particles.
Particles in a gaseous state can move.
Learning Set 2:
Different materials have different properties because they are made up of different particles.
Elements have different properties because they are made up of different types of atoms.
Molecules can be made of the same type of atoms or different types of atoms.
Air is a mixture of different molecules.
Different arrangement of atoms into molecules results in different properties.
The higher the temperature the faster the molecules move.
Temperature is a measurement of the average speed of molecules.
As temperature increases, the volume of gas increases. As temperature decreases, the volume of gas decreases.
Evaporation occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy
to enter the gaseous state.
Boiling occurs at the temperature in which molecules throughout the liquid change
to the gaseous state. The boiling point is the temperature at which the change of state from liquid to gas occurs.
Condensation occurs when water vapor in the air slows down sufficiently to become
a liquid.
When a substance is heated, the molecules that make up the liquid move faster.
The faster movement of the molecules results in higher temperatures.
In a solid, molecules stay in place and can only vibrate.
Learning Set 3:
Melting is when a substance changes from a solid state into a liquid state.
The opposite process is called freezing.
Melting point is the temperature at which a solid substance starts to become
a liquid. Melting point is a property of a substance.
Sublimation is when a substance changes from the solid state to the gaseous state.
Content Knowledge
Learning Set 1:
odor is defined as a material in a gaseous state.
it is made of particles that move in the empty spaces between other particles that make up the air.
All matter has mass and volume
air has mass, and volume
volume is the amount of space an item occupies
particles in a gaseous state move in all directions.
some of these particles reach our noses.
Learning Set 2:
substances smell differently because they are made of different molecules
molecules can be made of different or the same types of atoms
atoms are in different arrangements in different substances.
Learning Set 3:
the state of matter characterizes a bulk of particles in terms of distance between particles, movement and speed, and arrangement.
evaporation is the process of molecules moving faster, leaving a liquid and becoming a gas.
evaporation can take place at any temperature.
to go through a phase change from liquid to gas, energy must be transferred to the substance
boiling point is a property of a liquid, and a substance always has the same BP ( sp)
properties are used to identify substances and distinguish one from another
properties of a substance remain the same for that substance regardless of the amount.