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Mechanics behind
Mechanics behind
The water pumped to the nuclear power plant gets heated up through nuclear fission, producing steam, which turns the turbines to generate electricity. Nuclear power stations are equipped with multiple safety systems to prevent accidents. Nuclear fuel is highly radioactive and requires careful handling and storage. It is often stored on-site in pools of water.
Energy Transfer: Nuclear energy -> Thermal Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electrical Energy
Nuclear power plants use highly automated systems, controlled by a Distributed Control System (DCS). The DCS's job is to constantly collect various data and information from the sensors, then operates different actuators and motors according to the required operations (e.g, water cooling pumps and gas pumps.) The information will be also connected to the control room, where supervisors are able to take manual intervention at any time.
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Different types of sensors used:
Different types of sensors used:
Self-powered neutron detectors (SPND)
Self-powered neutron detectors (SPND)
SPNDs are essential for monitoring the activity inside the reactor (neutron flux levels.) SPNDs help measure the number of neutrons inside the reactor, telling us how much power is generated. This helps operators maintain the power generated at a safe level.
Temperature Sensors
Temperature Sensors
Temperature sensors (usually thermocouples or RTDs, resistance temperature detectors), measure the temperature of the reactor components, coolant and the steam. They ensure the temperature is maintained at an operational temperature, and that it remains at the safe limits.
Process sensors
Process sensors
Process sensors monitor key operational parameters, such as temperature and pressure, within the reactor system. Their real-time data enables operators to optimize performance and maintain safe operating conditions, thus preventing potential malfunctions or accidents.
Radiation monitoring sensors
Radiation monitoring sensors
These sensors detect and quantify radiation levels in and around the nuclear power plant. They ensure that safety standards are upheld by continuously monitoring for any potential leaks or abnormal radiation levels, allowing for prompt response to any safety concerns.
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