CUP: C53D23000900006  /  Period: 28 September 2023 - 27 September 2025

Together with a complete and almost exhaustive picture of our Universe, the unprecedented accuracy of the Planck results has also produced two remarkable tensions with what has been obtained with other probes: the present value of the Hubble constant (H0) and the estimates of the mass of the largest gravitationally bound cosmic structures, the Galaxy Clusters. We propose to address both these topics with a multi-wavelength homogenous joint analysis of these ultimate products of structure formation in time and mass. By assessing their mass scale, their mass distribution, the shapes of the hosting haloes and their distances (by combining X-ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signals), their number density and clustering with unique samples, we will constrain the most fundamental parameters describing the constituents of our Universe in the framework of the concordance cosmological Lambda Cold Dark Matter model, and we will quantify any tension within the current paradigm. With activities compliant with the Horizon Europe framework, the requested funds will allow us to consolidate our leading roles in the international context of the (X-ray, SZ, and lensing) data analysis, theoretical interpretation, modelization, and numerical simulation of the structure and distribution of Galaxy Clusters. As an integral part of our project, we plan to train younger scientists in the exploitation of data from next-generation instruments and ensure the broad dissemination of the results obtained.