Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products – Structuring principles and reference designations –
Part 1: Basic rules
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The reference designation system shall be so designed that it can manage change.
0.1 General
This standard establishes a further development of earlier and withdrawn standards (IEC 60113-2, IEC 60750) on item designation, see Annex A. It provides basics for establishing models of plants, machines, buildings etc.
The standard specifies:
• principles for structuring of objects including associated information;
• rules on forming of reference designations based on the resulting structure.
By applying the structuring principles, even very large sets of information in a complex installation can be handled efficiently.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations are applicable to objects of both physical and non-physical character.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations provide a system that is easy to navigate within and easy to maintain.
This system provides an excellent overview on a technical system since composite structures are simple to establish and understand.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations support alternative design and engineering processes in the life cycle of an object since they are based on the successively established results of this process and not on how the engineering process itself is carried out.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations allow, by accepting more than one aspect, that more than one coding principle can be applied. This technique also allows 'old structures' to be handled together with 'new structures' by using multiple unambiguous identifiers.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations support individual management for the establishment of reference designations, and enable subsequent integration of modules into larger constructs.
They also support the establishment of reusable modules, either as functional specifications or as physical deliverables.
NOTE The concept of reusable modules encompasses for example, for manufacturers: the establishment of contract independent modules, and, for operators of complex assemblies: the description of requirements in terms of supplier independent modules.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations support concurrent work and allow different partners within a project to add and / or remove data to the structured project result as it proceeds.
The structuring principles and the rules for reference designations recognize time factor within the life-cycle as important for the application of different structures based on different views on the considered technical system.
This standard should be applicable to all technical areas and enable a common application.
This standard shall be applicable to all kind of objects and their constituents, such as plants, systems, assemblies, software programs, spaces, etc.
This standard should be capable of being consistently applied in all phases (i.e. conceptual development, planning, specification, design, engineering, construction, erection, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning, disposal, etc.) of thelife time of an object of interest, i.e. an object to be identified.
This standard shall provide the ability to identify unambiguously any single object being a constituent of another object.
This standard shall support the incorporation of sub-object structures from multiple organizations into objects from other organizations without change to the original object structures and neither to the sub-object structures nor any of their documentation.
This standard shall support a representation of an object independently of the complexity of the object
This standard should be easy to apply and the designations should be easy for the user to understand.
This standard should support the use of, and should be able to be implemented by, computer-aided tools for conceptual development, planning, specification, design, engineering, construction, erection, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning, disposal, etc.
This standard shall not contain rules and restrictions that prohibit its use within a technical area.
This standard shall cover all its foreseeable applications within all technical areas.
This standard shall support addressing of information to objects at all phases in their life time.
This standard shall allow construction of designations at any time from the currently available information.
This standard shall support the identification of objects based on a constituency principle.
This standard shall contain rules that enable the formulation of unambiguous designations.
This standard shall be open and allow a designation to be extended.
This standard shall support modularity and reusability of objects.
This standard shall support the description of different users' views on the object
This standard shall provide rules for the interpretation of designations where needed.
entity treated in a process of development, implementation, usage and disposal
4 Concepts
4.1 Object
There are no genuine rules on how an object is established. In fact, it is the designer/engineer who decides that an object exists and establishes the need to identify this object.
An object is established when there is a need for that particular object.
An object is removed when the object is no longer needed.
4.2 Aspect
If interior objects of an object or the interrelations of this object to other objects are to be studied, it is useful to look at these objects from different views. For the purpose of this international standard, these views are called aspects.
Aspects act like filters on an object, see Figure 3, and "highlight" the information that is of relevance. The aspects dealt with in this international standard are focused on:
• what an object is intended to do or what it actually does – the function aspect;
• by which means an object does what it is intended to do – the product aspect;
• intended or actual space of the object – the location aspect.
In addition other aspects may be applied when none of the three above are applicable or sufficient (see 5.6).
4.3 Technical system
A “technical system” is a group of components working together for a specific purpose.
The technical system is the “infrastructure” for a process consisting of a number of activities, such as cooking, screening, transporting, welding, and driving, to achieve the intended outcome. The components of the technical system are the static prerequisite for the dynamic activities of the process.
Structuring
In order for a system to be efficiently specified, designed, manufactured, serviced or operated, the system and the information about the system are normally divided into parts.
Each of these parts can be further divided. This successive subdivision into parts and the organization of those parts is called “structuring”.
5 Structuring principles
5.1 General
Rule 1 Structuring of a technical system shall be based on a constituency relationship by applying the concept of aspects of objects.
Rule 2 Structures shall be set up step by step, either according to a top-down or a bottom-up method.
NOTE 2 The principle implies that the aspect may change from step to step.
In a top-down method the usual process is to:
(1) select an object;
(2) choose an appropriate aspect;
(3) determine the sub-objects, if any, within the chosen aspect.
Steps 1 to 3 are iteratively repeated for each sub object established, as many times as considered necessary.
In a bottom-up method the usual process is to:
(1) choose an aspect to work with;
(2) select objects to be considered together;
(3) establish a superior object to which the selected objects are constituents in the chosen aspect.
Steps 1 to 3 are iteratively repeated for each superior object established, as many times as
considered necessary.
NOTE 3 A top-down approach is normally performed for the function-oriented structure.
The bottom-up approach is normally performed for the product-oriented structure.
5.3 Function-oriented structure
A function-oriented structure is based on the purpose of a system. A function-oriented structure shows the subdivision of the system into constituent objects with respect to the function aspect, without taking into account possible location and/or product aspects of these objects.
5.4 Product-oriented structure
A product-oriented structure is based on the way a system is implemented, constructed or delivered using intermediate or final components. A product-oriented structure shows the subdivision of the system into constituent objects with respect to the product aspect without taking into account possible function and/or location aspects of these objects.
5.5 Location-oriented structure
A location-oriented structure is based on the spatial constituents or, if sufficient, the topographical layout of an object.
A location-oriented structure shows the subdivision of the system into constituent objects with respect to the location aspect without taking into account possible product and/or function aspects of these objects.
Structures based on “other aspects”
Beside the main aspects, other aspects which are important for some users (e.g. financial aspect), or aspects which are necessary for a certain phase of the project (e.g. logistic aspect) may also be considered.
Rule 3 The application of aspects other than the main aspects shall be described in supporting documentation.
NOTE 1 Before starting to engineer a plant or complex system, it is recommended that the use of other aspects is agreed upon among all parties involved and that the number of other aspects applied is limited.
According to 6.2.1, the prefix sign # is used for reference designations based on “other aspects”.
5.7 Structures based on more than one aspect
Following this concept, an object may be identified from any aspect; for example a product/component does not necessarily need to be identified within a product-oriented structure but can be identified within a function-oriented structure or within a location-oriented structure
It may be so that an object with only one representation in a certain aspect may have multiple and independent representations i.e. top nodes, in another aspect, see Annex E.
NOTE It is recognized from experience that single-level reference designations with up to 3 letters and 3 numbers can be considered as sufficiently short.
NOTE The sequence of classifying letters does not represent the structure of a system.
Designation of locations
8.1 General
For the designation of locations, the following rules apply:
Rule 20 Designation of countries, cities, villages, named areas, etc. should be made as short as practicable.
Rule 21 Designation of buildings, storeys and rooms in buildings should be in accordance with the ISO 4157-series.
Figure 24 illustrates a factory build assembly with designations of the different mounting planes. The assembly consists of several mounting planes designated by the following letter codes:
A Inside-left
B Inside-fond (back)
C Inside-right
D Outside door
E Inside door
The location designation is constructed: +[mounting plane]+[vertical position]+[horizontal position]
Industrial complexes usually consist of a number of self-contained production units and infrastructure objects.
These may be identified with different top node identifiers, see Figure 28.
Figure C.9 – Structures with designated sub-objects
F.1 Different function-oriented structures for a process plant
In our case the single plus (+) could be used for the reference designations based on the location-oriented structure for the assembly units, while double plus (++) could be used for reference designations based on the plant topography. See Figure F.4.
Figure F.4 – Location-oriented structures of the plant
Figure H.1 shows a process flow diagram of a material-handling plant.