Research on aspects of hydroclimatological processes is increasingly getting crucial especially as the world grapples with the multifaceted challenges of climate change. Hydroclimatology, which delves into the relationship between climate processes and hydrologic systems, plays a critical role in predicting and managing water resources, agricultural output, and the risks of natural hazards. With climate change altering global weather patterns—leading to more frequent and intense extreme events such as heavy rainfall, hurricanes, droughts, and floods—robust forecasting/prediction is essential for protecting lives, economies, and ecosystems. Such forecasting/prediction requires understanding of the complex hydroclimatic processes, improving their modelling and associated impact risks. We focus on understanding causal relationships, fundamental processing and improving the skill and reliability of hydroclimatological predictions (for eg. precipitation, heatwaves, soil moisture and streamflow) using data science, process based simulations and earth system data from emerging sources such as satellite, radar observations, ground monitoring, numerical weather simulations and reanalysis data. This research also emphasizes the use of these forecasts to enhance decision-making in water resources management and agricultural planning. The research in this field supports the development of early warning systems that will enable governments and communities to respond proactively to natural disasters.

Climate change driven by global warming is projected to significantly alter hydrological processes and intensify hydroclimatic extremes. This will profoundly impact water resources by altering its availability, quality, and distribution with consequences towards water resources planning and management. Understanding the effects of these changes will serve as the foundation for creating climate-resilient systems. 

Rising temperatures will also lead to changes in frequency and magnitude of hydroclimatic extremes such as heatwaves, floods, droughts and compound extremes. Changing precipitation patterns may result in heavy rainfall and flooding in some areas, while others may face prolonged dry spells, exacerbating water scarcity. Melting glaciers and snowpacks threaten the long-term water supply for communities reliant on these sources. These changes in extreme events pose a particular threat to vital water resources and agricultural systems. The focus of this research is to understand the effects of global warming induced climate change on the hydrologic cycle at different scales. Special emphasis is laid on examining how climate change is projected to influence the nature of extreme events and evaluating the risks associated of such changes to water resources and agricultural systems.