Model: Super ES-1

• Electrospinning utilises high-voltage electric fields to draw and spin polymer solutions into continuous, ultra-fine nanofibers.

• Utilise this top-down technique to create nanomaterials with ultra-high surface areas, controlled porosity, and custom functional properties

• The resulting non-woven meshes feature high porosity and enormous surface-area-to-volume ratios.

Key Application 

• Material composites synthesis: Labs use advanced variations—such as coaxial, triaxial, or emulsion electrospinning—to encapsulate nanoparticles or biomolecules within hollow or core-shell fibre structures. 

• Catalyst support: Electrospun fibres provide immense surface areas, making them ideal for immobilising catalysts, enzymes, or nanoparticles to facilitate efficient chemical reactions and separations.

• Sensors: Electrospun webs can be functionalized with specific chemical receptors to create highly sensitive, real-time chemical and gas sensors.

• Energy Storage & Conversion: It is heavily used in materials chemistry to fabricate porous electrode materials, battery separators, and fuel cell membranes, improving ion transport and energy density.

Model: Bruker 

• Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) is a specialised Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique used to map and manipulate nanoscale piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials.

• By applying an electrical bias through a conductive probe tip, the material's physical expansion or contraction (inverse piezoelectric effect) can be measured.

Key Application 

• Ferroelectric Domain Mapping: FM measures both the phase (direction) and amplitude (strength) of surface deformation to image polar domain structures with sub-nanometer resolution. 

• Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy (SS-PFM): Researchers apply DC voltage sweeps to measure localised hysteresis loops, assessing how domains switch under an electric field.

• Nanoscale Modification (Nanolithography): High DC voltages can be applied to the tip to physically alter and polarize vertical ferroelectric domains by 180°, enabling nanoscale data storage concepts.

• Material Characterization: It characterizes performance-critical properties in functional materials like capacitors, sensors, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

Model: Keithley 2450 

It is a highly versatile, four-quadrant instrument used in electronics for I-V (current-voltage) characterisation, semiconductor testing, solar cell evaluation, and materials research.

Key Application 

• Diode and LED Characterisation: Sourcing precise voltages to measure sweeping, multi-decade current ranges (from 10⁻¹¹ A to 1 A), ensuring accurate I-V curve tracing. 

• Solar Cell & Photovoltaic Testing: Performing rapid, live-controlled I-V sweeps to extract critical parameters like maximum power point, open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current.

• Material Resistivity Testing: Utilising the four-wire (Kelvin) or six-wire measurement method to determine the electrical resistivity of semiconductor wafers or thin films without lead and contact resistance interference.

• Aerospace & Defence: Applies protective coatings to jet engine components, turbine blades, and fuel injectors to improve resistance to extreme temperatures, thermal shock, and oxidation.

Model: Shimadzu UV-1900i 

• A UV (Ultraviolet) spectrometer measures how much light a sample absorbs in the UV and visible (Vis) regions.

• it primarily tests the concentration of chemical compounds, checks the purity of substances, and identifies the structure of organic molecules by tracking how specific wavelengths pass through a liquid or gas.

Key Application 

• Quantitative Analysis (Concentration) of absorption: It measures the exact concentration of an unknown solution by determining how much light it absorbs, relying on the Beer-Lambert law. 

• Reaction Monitoring: It studies the rate of chemical reactions over time (kinetics) by observing how the absorbance of a reactant or product increases or decreases.

• Absorption profile of Materials: Used to determine the absorption profile of materials in the UV-visible region.

Model: HO-IAD-CAM-02 

• A contact angle meter determines how a liquid interacts with a solid surface by measuring the angle of a liquid droplet.

• Its primary application is evaluating surface wettability and adhesion.

• A low angle (<90 degrees) means the surface is hydrophilic (wettable), while a high angle (>90 degrees) indicates a hydrophobic (water-repelling) surface

Key Application 

• Advanced materials characterisation: characterising the surface properties of new materials and predicting their hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature

• Coating and Adhesion Optimisation: Manufacturers use contact angle testing on materials like metals, plastics, and glass to guarantee uniform spreading and prevent peeling

• Calculating Surface Energy: By testing a surface with multiple liquids, you can determine its surface free energy, which dictates how well it will bond or print