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Optical Designing of Perovskite Solar Cells
Perovskite Solar Cells can be assumed as a multilayer stack having different thickness parameters for each layer with different optical constants i.e. ( refractive index and extinction coefficient). Optical modeling is based on the working principle of the transfer matrix method (TMM), so when light enters the device then some light gets reflected and some get transmitted across each layer. TMM basically considering Fresnel's equation can calculate the reflection and transmission occurring at each interface, and thus can be used to design the device to get optimal optical performance. This method gives an idea of the optimum thickness of each layer and also allows one to try with other different types of layers which can help in increasing the overall performance of the device. Thus, before performing the real-time experiments optical modeling can help in saving material, money, and time at the same time.
Working principle behind TMM.
Perovskite Solar Cells can be assumed as a multilayer stack having different thickness parameters for each layer with different optical constants i.e. ( refractive index and extinction coefficient). Optical modeling is based on the working principle of the transfer matrix method (TMM), so when light enters the device then some light gets reflected and some get transmitted across each layer. TMM basically considering Fresnel's equation can calculate the reflection and transmission occurring at each interface, and thus can be used to design the device to get optimal optical performance. This method gives an idea of the optimum thickness of each layer and also allows one to try with other different types of layers which can help in increasing the overall performance of the device. Thus, before performing the real-time experiments optical modeling can help in saving material, money, and time at the same time.
Working principle behind TMM.
3D scatter plot for device optimization.
Development of OMO-based transparent electrodes
Transparent electrode is one of the major components of any optoelectronic device such as solar cell, light-emitting diodes, etc. Transparent electrodes are the films that allow light to pass through it and at the same time are electrically conductive. The commonly available transparent electrodes are based on indium tin oxide, along with its some beneficial properties, it does have several drawbacks such as the high cost of the material itself owing to limited availability of indium, and poor mechanical flexibility. Another commonly used transparent electrode is a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), which also suffers from some drawbacks like haze which results in lowering the overall transmittance and requires high-temperature deposition requirement which hinders the mechanical flexibility as polymer substrates cannot withstand such high temperature.
An Oxide-Metal-Oxide stack can help in getting highly transparent electrodes due to the minimization of residual reflectance. We aim to develop indium-free TEs based on oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) architecture. In OMO-based TEs, the metal layer is to provide conductivity to the stack, whereas the two oxide layers are there to minimize the residual reflectance of the stack and to provide stability to the ultrathin metal film towards the environment.
Structure of OMO based TE.
2D contour plot for thickness optimization of bottom and top ZnO.
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