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Error-free chromosome segregation is crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity in almost all eukaryotic organisms. Chromosome segregation is orchestrated by two major structural elements in cells: kinetochore (KT) and centrosome. Kinetochore builds connections of the chromosomes with the spindle microtubules (MTs) and establishes proper spindle attachment with the chromosome; on the other hand, the centrosome provides the spindle poles to build the bipolar spindles. Regulations of both these processes are crucial for maintaining the fidelity of chromosome segregation. We study the fundamentals of kinetochore and centrosome biology, their assembly, biogenesis, and cellular processes associated with their functions. Our research has been aimed to unravel the cellular regulatory pathways that control kinetochore assembly, spindle-chromosome attachment, and centrosome number in normal and pathological conditions such as human cancers.