Monib, N.J.; Adeni, D.S.A. and Bujang, K.B*

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology. 

University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.

*Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, 

i-CATS University College, 93350, Kuching, Sarawak.

Corresponding Author: kopli@icats.edu.my

ABSTRACT

 Hydrolysis of sago starch powder for the production of sugars (mainly glucose) can be performed using the enzymes Thermamyl-120L (liquefaction) and Dextrozyme (saccharification) on starch slurry at 20% dry substrate (DS). The hydrolysed sago starch (HSS) can be purified using Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) which actively eliminates impurities especially colour and protein, to produce purified sago sugars (PSS). Filtration of 100 ml PSS on 5g PAC yielded higher concentrations of reducing sugars (83.6%) compared to 10g PAC (76.8%) at 143.86 g/L and 132.06 g/L, respectively. Higher and speedier recovery of sugars was obtained by increasing the flow rate of the purification process through 5g PAC using a peristaltic pump at 155 g/L in 11 min compared to 146 g/L in 40 min using gravity. Two major sugar components were present in HSS, which were glucose (93.8%) and maltose (2.9%). The α-amylase in the enzyme components reacted with the gelatinized starch producing glucose, maltose and at least two other types of saccharides. Drying of PSS produces dried sago sugars (DSS) and the most economical method was oven drying with high recovery (over 100%) of DSS at 183.3 g/L compared to the other two methods at 160g/L for freeze drying and 22 g/L for spray drying, respectively. Testing for sweetness by manual tasting was performed and the 50% DSS proved to be about the same sweetness as 50% glucose (90 AU), compared to sucrose (100).

Keywords: sago sugars, purification of sugars, starch hydrolysis, PAC filtration, glucose.

Rohaida Affandi1, Abdul Kadir Marsono2, Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim2, Masine Md Tap3, Aliff Ridzuan Bunawan4* 

1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNIMAS, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

2School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

3School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

4Faculty of Engineering and Technology, i-CATS University College, Jalan Stampin Timur, 93050 Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia

aliff@icats.edu.my 

ABSTRACT

Industrialised building system (IBS) has become a priority in modern construction methods, enhancing building components’ quality, speeding up completion time, and reducing construction costs. The building components are manufactured off-site and later assembled on the project site.  Therefore, the efficiency of logistics is a crucial element in the supply chain process to ensure the efficient movement of components and information to fulfil demands.  This paper discusses how several companies from Japan, the United Kingdom, and Italy successfully improved their process of construction prefabrication components through the adaptation of an efficient and effective supply chain and logistics management concept.  Results showed that the lean construction principle was opted for their supply chain and logistics.  The element of lean principlse such as just-in-time, kanban, continual improvement (kaizen and last planner), and coordination among both upstream suppliers and downstream customers have initiated successful improvements in their productivity.  These successful concepts can be considered in maximising the full potential of an IBS supply chain and logistics management in the future.

Keywords: supply chain management; logistic; lean construction; industrialised housing construction; industrialised building system (IBS)

Nor Fasihah Rusli1*,Nurzaifah Zainal Abidin2

1Faculty of Education, i-CATS University College, Sarawak

2Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, i-CATS University College, Sarawak

fasihah@icats.edu.my 

ABSTRAK

 Artikel ini berfokuskan pada konsep buli, faktor mempengaruhi buli di kalangan kanak-kanak dan kesan buli kepada kesejahteraan dan prestasi akademik kanak-kanak di sekolah rendah. Buli boleh berlaku dalam pelbagai bentuk termasuklah secara fizikal, bahasa, isyarat dan perhubungan. Kejadian buli telah lama menular di kalangan pelajar dan seringkali dikaitkan dengan golongan remaja. Walaubagaimanapun, kejadian buli yang mula menular di kalangan kanak-kanak di sekolah rendah menjadi satu kebimbangan kepada ibu bapa dan guru-guru. Ibu bapa dan guru-guru perlu mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mendorong kanak-kanak di sekolah rendah terjerumus dengan gejala buli dan mengetahui kesan mangsa buli dari segi kesejahteraan dan prestasi akademik kanak-kanak.  Melihat kepada faktor-faktor dan kesan buli ini juga dapat memberikan impak untuk menangani isu-isu buli di sekolah rendah dan seterusnya dapat menurunkan peratusan kes buli dalam kalangan pelajar.

Kata kunci: buli, kanak-kanak sekolah rendah, faktor buli, kesan buli terhadap kesejahteraan dan prestasi akademik.

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the concept of bullying, the factors influencing bullying among children, and the effects of bullying on the well-being and academic performance of primary school children. Bullying can occur in various forms, including physical, verbal, gestural, and relational. The occurrence of bullying has long been prevalent among students and is often associated with teenagers. However, the increasing prevalence of bullying among primary school children has become a concern for parents and teachers. Parents and teachers need to identify the factors that drive primary school children to engage in bullying and understand the effects on the well-being and academic performance of bullying victims. Examining these factors and effects of bullying can also have an impact on addressing bullying issues in primary schools and subsequently reducing the percentage of bullying cases among students.

Keywords: bullying, primary school children, bullying factors, effects of bullying on well-being and academic performance.

Bolhan Budeng1*, Ian Reeve2, Nick Reid2, Kopli Bujang1

1i-CATS University College, Kuching, Sarawak

2University of New England, Armidale, NSW

bolhan@icats.edu.my

ABSTRACT

Visitors typically have different attitude and manners to the animals during their visit to Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. In this report, the study focused specifically on the effects of those conducts on Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). A total of eight factors usually associated with trail users’ (TUs) activities on-trail were used, namely walking, talking, photographing, pointing, laughing, silent (standing still), use of binoculars and of -trail walks. Regular observation for a period of 12 months was set at a vantage point of 20m from the entrance. Each specific activity was observed and noted separately, to minimise recording of a combinations of activities that occurs simultaneously. An interaction was recorded when a trail user and a Proboscis Monkey were present at the same time and discernible from the vantage point. Laughing loudly and of -trail walks constituted to just 1.0% and 0.4% of TUs activities, yet both triggered 100% foraging-response (FR) behaviours to the monkeys. A huge response like that from such minimum activities must be very distressing to the Proboscis Monkeys. Walking silently without sudden movement and using binoculars seems to be the best activities without alerting and af ecting the FR behaviours of these monkeys. 

Keywords: trail users; activities on-trail; Proboscis Monkey; foraging-response behaviour; visitors’ experience