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Mae Cwricwlwm i Gymru yn gofyn i ddysgwyr ddeall y cysylltiadau, y tebygrwydd a'r gwahaniaethau rhwng ieithoedd.
Etymoleg yw'r astudiaeth o darddiad geiriau a'r ffordd y gall geiriau ddatblygu a newid dros amser. Er eu bod yn beth brawychus i lawer, gall gwreiddiau ieithoedd fod yn bwnc hynod ddiddorol a gall buddion dysgu am y cysylltiadau gael effaith ddramatig ar ddealltwriaeth dysgwr o unrhyw iaith.
Curriculum for Wales asks learners to understand the links, connections, similarities and differences between languages.
Etymology is the study of the origin of words and the way that words can develop and change through time. Whilst being a rather daunting prospect for many, the origins of languages can be a fascinating topic and the benefits of learning about the links can have a dramatic effect on a learner's understanding of any language.
Pan ddysgir iaith mewn 'teuluoedd', mae'n cael mwy o effaith ar ddeall a sillafu. Er enghraifft, bydd gwneud y cysylltiad â 'tri' â 'thriongl' 'triongl' a 'thripled' pan fydd dysgwr yn dod ar draws y geiriau hyn yn gwella dealltwriaeth o eirfa arbenigol fwy cymhleth yn nes ymlaen, fel 'trigonometreg' 'triathlon' neu ' triddimensiynol '. Ni ddylem chwaith golli'r cyfle i gysylltu â 'tri' yn gymraeg, 'trois' en français, neu 'tre' in italiano (ymhlith llawer o rai eraill!) yma chwaith.
When language is learned in 'families', it has a greater impact on understanding and spelling. For example making the link with 'tri' with 'tricycle' 'triangle' and 'triplet' when a learner first encounters these words will only enhance understanding of more complex, specialist vocabulary later on, such as 'trigonometry' 'triathlon' or 'tridimensional'. We also shouldn't miss the opportunity to link to 'tri' yn gymraeg, 'trois' en français, or 'tre' in italiano (amongst many others!) here either.
Mae'r goeden hon yn dangos sut mae ieithoedd yn rhyng-gysylltiedig ac yn esbonio pam y gallwn ddod o hyd i gymaint o gysylltiadau ag ieithoedd eraill yn Saesneg yn arbennig. Mae hefyd yn dangos y cysylltiad diddorol rhwng Cymraeg ac ieithoedd Celtaidd eraill.
This tree shows how languages are interconnected and explains why we can find so many links to other languages within English especially. It also shows the interesting link between Welsh and other Celtic languages.
Mae'r fideos byr hyn yn dangos effaith etymoleg ar yr iaith Saesneg.
These short videos demonstrate the impact etymology has on the English language
Darllen defnyddiol pellach: Closing the Vocabulary Gap gan Alex Quigley (er gwybodaeth academaidd), The Oxford School Dictionary of Word Origins (er gwybodaeth y dysgwr), The Etymologicon (i'r rhai sy'n gweld y math hwn o beth yn anhygoel!).
Further useful reading: Closing the Vocabulary Gap by Alex Quigley (for academic reference), The Oxford School Dictionary of Word Origins (for learner's reference, The Etymologicon (for those who find this kind of thing amazing!).
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