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Wikipedia 🌐 NONE
Viral Genomix Inc. was founded in April of 2000 ; In 2006, it changed its name to , VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. . This is the "root" of the corporation that eventually becomes known as Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated.
- See the page Inovio Biomedical Corporation for events before the June 2009 merger with VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. .
[...]
In 2005, Genetronics Biomedical Corporation purchased a Norwegian company called Inovio AS ( Source: [HW009F][GDrive] ); shortly afterwards, this combined corporation was renamed to Inovio Biomedical Corporation .
- NOTE: The technology from Inovio AS became part of VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. , when in 2009, VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. purchased Inovio Biomedical Corporation.
In Feb 2007, VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. purchases/merges with ADViSYS Inc. .
In June 2009, VGX Pharmaceuticals Inc. purchased Inovio Biomedical Corporation , and the combined company was retained the name Inovio Biomedical Corporation . In May 2010, Inovio Biomedical Corporation was renamed to Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated.
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2023 (May 25) HousatonicITS illustration of the Viral Genomix, VGX, VGXI, Inovio, etc corporate history timeline
EVIDENCE TIMELINE
EVIDENCE TIMELINE
1999 - Iacob Mathiesen, before Inovio AS, already working with electroporation ..
1999 - Iacob Mathiesen, before Inovio AS, already working with electroporation ..
1999 - https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.96.11.6417
Efficient and regulated erythropoietin production by naked DNA injection and muscle electroporation
Efficient and regulated erythropoietin production by naked DNA injection and muscle electroporation
Gabriella Rizzuto, Manuela Cappelletti, Domenico Maione, +8, and Elena FattoriAuthors Info & Affiliations
May 25, 1999
96 (11) 6417-6422
2002 -Printed in Early 2003 ...
2002 -Printed in Early 2003 ...
Authors
S Tollefsen, M Vordermeier, I Olsen, AK Storset, LJ Reitan, D Clifford, DB Lowrie, HG Wiker, K Huygen, G Hewinson, I Mathiesen, TE Tjelle
Publication date
2003/3
Source
Scandinavian journal of immunology
Volume
57
Issue
3
Pages
229-238
Publisher
Blackwell Science Ltd
Description
Injection of plasmid DNA encoding antigens into rodents followed by electroporation improved the immune response when compared with injection without electroporation (Widera et al. J Immunol 2000;164:4635–40; Zucchelli et al. J Virol 2000;74:11598–607; Kadowaki et al. Vaccine 2000;18:2779–88). The present study describes the extension of this technology to farm animals, by injecting plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial antigens (MPB70, Ag85B and Hsp65) into the muscles of goats and cattle using two different types of electrodes, both allowing DNA delivery at the site of electroporation. The animals were vaccinated under local anaesthesia without any observed immediate or long‐term distress or discomfort, or any behavioural signs of muscle damage or pathological changes after the electroporation. DNA‐injected and electroporated goats showed increased humoral response after the primary …
2003 - Estimated time Inovio AS was created in Norway ...
2003 - Inovio AS
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14533200/
J Gene Med
. 2003 Oct;5(10):909-917. doi: 10.1002/jgm.416.
DNA transfection of mononuclear cells in muscle tissue
DNA transfection of mononuclear cells in muscle tissue
Eirik Grønevik 1, Stig Tollefsen 2, Liv Ingunn Bjoner Sikkeland 3, Terje Haug 3, Torunn Elisabeth Tjelle 4, Iacob Mathiesen 4
Affiliations collapse
Affiliations
Affiliations
1
Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Box 1103 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
2
Immunological institute, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway.
3
Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway.
4
Inovio AS, Oslo Research Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
PMID: 14533200
DOI: 10.1002/jgm.416
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genes encoding non-self proteins may be injected into skeletal muscles in vivo to obtain induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against the encoded antigens (DNA vaccination). Bone marrow derived professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a key role in the induction of immunity by DNA vaccination. In the present work we have investigated whether the APCs are transfected by DNA injection into muscle.
Methods: DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into rat and mouse limb muscle and followed by electroporation. Whole mount muscle tissue with GFP-positive mononuclear cells (MNCs) were treated with immunocytochemical markers specific for leukocytes, and studied with fluorescent microscopy. To detect transfected cells migrating to peripheral lymphoid tissue RT-PCR was applied on RNA isolated from the draining popliteal lymph node and spleen. Lymphoid tissue was also analyzed with real-time PCR for distribution of the injected plasmid.
Results: MNCs were transfected after intramuscular DNA injection, and, following DNA injection with electroporation, the number of GFP-positive MNCs increased 6-fold in rats and 14-fold in mice. None of the GFP-positive MNCs were stained with leukocyte-specific antibodies. Even though GFP encoding DNA was detected in the popliteal lymph node, no RNA encoding GFP was found in the lymph node or spleen. However, MHC II-positive cells in the muscle tissue appeared preferentially around the transfected MNCs.
Conclusions: Many MNCs in the muscle are transfected after intramuscular DNA injection. Electroporation significantly increases the number of transfected MNCs. None of the observed transfected MNCs however were leukocytes. MHC II-positive cells accumulated around transfected MNCs; this suggests that transfer of antigen from transfected MNCs to APCs may contribute to the immune response.
2004 - Inovio AS
ARTICLE| VOLUME 9, ISSUE 3, P328-336, MARCH 2004Download Full Issue
Monoclonal Antibodies Produced by Muscle after Plasmid Injection and Electroporation
Monoclonal Antibodies Produced by Muscle after Plasmid Injection and Electroporation
Open ArchiveDOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.12.007
2005 (Jan 26) -Genetronics Biomedical Acquires Inovio AS
2005 (Jan 26) -Genetronics Biomedical Acquires Inovio AS
Mentioned - Inovio AS / Genetronics Biomedical Corporation / Dr. Avtar Singh Dhillon (born 1961) /
SAN DIEGO and OSLO, Norway, Jan. 26 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- [ Genetronics Biomedical Corporation]. , a late stage developer of oncology and other therapies using electroporation to deliver drugs and nucleic acids, announced today the acquisition of Oslo-based [Inovio AS ], a leader in patented gene delivery technology for the most efficient, nonviral method for gene transfer to skeletal muscles. Inovio's use of electroporation for gene therapy and DNA vaccines is a complement to Genetronics' existing electroporation therapy program. The acquisition expands Genetronics' intellectual property in electroporation, expands the number of agreements with major pharmaceutical companies, and provides for the near-term initiation of a Phase I/II DNA vaccine clinical trial.
The deal includes cash in Inovio's treasury of approximately $775,000 and approximately $2.0M in current and anticipated appropriations for biodefense research from the US Army and other committed grants. The share purchase agreement consists of $3M in cash, $7M in Genetronics stock, and potential additional share payments given the achievement of certain revenue milestones. In addition, Iacob Mathiesen, Ph.D., Inovio's CEO, will serve as Executive Director, Gene Delivery of Genetronics.
"This is a perfect strategic fit as we increase our licensing activities in the area of DNA therapies involving intramuscular electroporation for application to vaccines and immunotherapy," said [Dr. Avtar Singh Dhillon (born 1961)], Genetronics' President and CEO. "Together with Dr. Mathiesen and his team, we will promote and advance gene-based collaborations with existing and new partners. We anticipate that license revenue from our DNA delivery technology will be increasingly important in creating additional value for our shareholders."
"I am delighted to bring our technology and products to [ Genetronics Biomedical Corporation], the market leader in electroporation-based therapies," noted Iacob Mathiesen, Ph.D., [the CEO of Inovio AS]. "Genetronics is in an enviable position to enable the advancement of DNA vaccinations and gene therapy, and I am certain that the company will play a prominent role in this promising and rapidly growing area."
- About [ Genetronics Biomedical Corporation] : Genetronics Biomedical Corporation is a late stage biomedical company focused on building an oncology franchise based on its proprietary electroporation therapy. The therapy targets a significant unmet clinical need: the selective killing of cancer cells and local ablation of solid tumors while preserving healthy tissue. The company is moving its lead product, the MedPulser(R) Electroporation Therapy System, through pre-marketing studies for head and neck cancer and skin cancer in Europe, where it has CE Mark accreditation, and a Phase III pivotal study for recurrent head and neck cancer in the U.S. Merck, Vical, Chiron, the US Navy, and other partners are employing Genetronics' electroporation technology, which enhances local delivery and cellular uptake of a number of biopharmaceuticals, in their development of novel DNA vaccines and gene therapies. Genetronics is a leader in electroporation, with over 240 patents worldwide that are issued, allowed or pending. More information can be obtained at http://www.genetronics.com/.
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