1080 is brand name for Sodium fluoroacetate, which is a chemical that is toxic when contact or ingestion is made to high enough concentrations of it.
Lethal dosage of this chemical is dependent on the species, table 1. shows some examples. The unit mg kg-1 is showing how many milligrams of sodium fluoroacetate is needed per kg of mass of the animal ingesting it, to be lethal. Using this table we could assume a 70kg person would need to ingest 175mg of 1080 at once to cause death. Possums average weight is 2-5kg, so a 3.5kg possum would need to ingest 4.2mg of Sodium fluoroacetate to die. (1)
Each 6g cereal pellet of 1080 will be 0.15% Sodium fluoroacetate, the rest is cereal, cinnamon, sugar and dye. That's approximately 9mg per pellet (2). This amount is the recommended amount for pest control in New Zealand (3).
In Krebs Cycle, Acetyl CoA binds to coenzyme A and the rest of the cycle of using and adding things can be done. But if there is Sodium Fluoroacetate present, it will bind to coenzyme A instead. The product of this is Fluorocitrate which binds to aconitase (another enzyme) so that the rest of Krebs Cycle cannot be done. This happens in the Mitochondria of cells. This process also produces Citrate, and this (plus fluorocitrate), in high enough amounts, also prevent the enzyme (phosphofructokinase-1) used in Glycolysis (step 1 of cellular respiration) from working, meaning not even the few ATP's from glycolysis can be made. SO cells have NO energy at all (4,5,6,7,8).
Along with this, other processes in the body stop working. Lactic Acidosis happens, where acid builds up in the blood lowering the pH (5). High amounts of citrate in the body is linked to heart failure, in some species it also effects the central nervous system. In carnivores, often respiratory failure (lungs) is what causes death during 1080 poisoning, and in herbivores it is often heart failure. Omnivores, tend to die from both cardiac (heart) or central nervous system disorders. (6,7,8)
The whole process of lethal poisoning can take 5-40 hours, but death is usually within 24 hours of ingestion (8).
What is an enzyme
What Cellular Respiration is
How Sodium Fluoroacetate links to these processes
Secondary poisoning of stoats
Primary poisoning of rats and possums
Poisoning of non-target species- eg. Dogs, Deer, Native Birds
Risk to humans, environment/soils, waterways/drinking water?
Reduction of possums, stoats, rats- means they will eat less of the plants our native birds also eat, and less will attack native birds too.
Reduction in possum numbers helps prevent Bovine TB in cattle farming, as possums are the main carrier.
Economic Impact