Birth Rate - the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
Death Rate - the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
Emigration - the act of leaving one country to permanently settle in another.
Immigration - the act of moving into a new country to live permanently.
Mortality Rate - the number of deaths in a specific population, often expressed as a number per 1,000 individuals per year. It can refer to the death rate of a general population or a specific group.
Infant Mortality Rate - the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births
Life Expectancy - the average period that a person may expect to live.
Demographic Transition - a model that describes how a country's population changes over time as it develops. It shows a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, which causes the country's population to grow and then eventually stabilize.
Population Pyramids - graphs that show the age and gender distribution of a population. These graphs are shaped like pyramids and can tell us a lot about a country's past and future population trends, such as whether the population is growing, shrinking, or stable.Â
More Developed Countries (MDCs)- highly industrialized countries with high average incomes, low population growth, and a focus on service industries and technology.
Less Developed Countries (LDCs) - have lower average incomes, higher population growth, and economies that are often more dependent on agriculture.
Urbanization - the process of a population moving from rural areas (the countryside) to urban areas (cities and towns). This leads to the growth of cities and the development of new infrastructure like roads and buildings.
Carbon Footprint - the total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, that are emitted directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product.
Ecological Footprint - a measure of the demand human activities put on the planet. It calculates how much land and water area is required to produce the resources we consume and to absorb our waste. It's often measured in "global hectares" per person.