Unit One

1.1 Lab Safety and Scientific Process:

Vocabulary:

conservation: the wise use and protection of natural resources; also as in lab supplies

eye wash station: used to rinse eyes if a chemical gets into them. Eyes should be rinsed at least 15 minutes.

fire blanket: blanket used to smother small fires on surfaces or to wrap a person who is on fire

fire extinguisher: used to put out chemical fires, electrical fires, and gas and grease fires. Each extinguisher is marked with a code showing the kinds of fire it can put out.

MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet

waft: to fan fumes from a chemical toward the face

Videos:

1.2A Photosynthesis

Vocabulary

autotroph: an organism, such as a plant, that makes its own food

chemical energy: energy stored in chemical bonds

chemical reaction: change that takes place when two or more substances (reactants) interact to form new substances (products)

chlorophyll: green pigment in plants that captures the energy of sunlight for use in photosynthesis

chloroplast: a structure in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll where sugar molecules are made through the process of photosynthesis

glucose: simple sugar made by plants through the process of photosynthesis

heterotroph: an organism that obtains the energy it needs by feeding on other organisms

photosynthesis: chemical process by which plants use light energy to make sugar from water and carbon dioxide

producer: organism that makes its own food, such as a plant or a photosynthetic alga; bottom level of the energy pyramid

product: compound or element that is the result of a chemical reaction

radiant energy: energy produced by the sun.

reactant: compound or element that changes during a chemical reaction

respiration: process in cells by which oxygen is chemically combined with food molecules and energy is released

stomata: tiny openings in leaves where gases are exchanged

xylem: plant tissue that transports water from the roots up the stem to the branches and leaves

Videos:

1.2B Energy Flow through Systems

Vocabulary

autotroph: an organism, such as a plant, that makes its own food

carnivore: an animal that feeds on other animals

consumer: an organism that feeds on other organisms

commensalism: association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

decomposer: simple organism, such as bacteria or fungus, that breaks down dead organisms and waste, returning important nutrients to the environment

ecosystem: all the living populations in an area along with the nonliving parts of that environment

energy pyramid: diagram that illustrates the flow of energy through a food chain

food chains: path of food energy from the sun to the producer to a series of consumers within an ecosystem

food web: in an ecosystem, arrangement of several overlapping food chains

herbivore: an animal that feeds only on plants

heterotroph: an organism that obtains the energy it needs by feeding on other organisms

host: organism that supports a parasite

mutualism: a relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association

omnivore: an animal that feeds on both plants and animals

parasite: organism that feeds on cells, tissues, or fluids of another living organism (the host)

parasitism: relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism

predator: animal that kills and eats other animals

prey: organism that is killed and eaten by another organism (predator)

primary consumer: in a food chain, organism that eats plants, such as a rabbit; second level of the energy pyramid

producer: organism that makes its own food, such as a plant or a photosynthetic alga; bottom level of the energy pyramid

scavenger: organism, such as a vulture, that feeds on dead or decaying organisms

secondary consumer: in a food chain, an organism that feeds on plant-eater; also called a predator; third level of the energy pyramid

Symbiosis: interaction between two different organisms/ species living in close physical association in which at least one of the organisms benefits in some way (parasitism, commensalism, mutualism)

tertiary consumer: in an ecosystem, a predator that feeds on other predators; top level of the energy pyramid

trophic level: the position an organism occupies in a food chain

Videos:

1.3 Ecological Succession

Vocabulary

biodiversity: the variety of organisms in a specific environment, or on Earth as a whole

climax community: dominant community of plants and animals that come to live in an area

ecological succession: process by which one community of organisms slowly replaces another in an area

lichens: organisms made of photosynthetic bacteria and are a common pioneer species, able to grow on bare rock. They release acids that break down the rock to form soil

pioneer species: first organisms to live in an area

primary succession: the development of plant and animal life in an area without topsoil

secondary succession: the development of plant and animal life in an area with topsoil

Sustainability: avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance

Videos:

Flow of Energy Exam

TOPICS to REVIEW

- Look over all notes & vocabulary

Food Chain/ web:

Compare/ contrast chains/ webs

Describe energy flow & what arrows represent (%, direction, etc)

Identify organisms by level/ type

Interpret changes to food webs (organisms removed/ added, etc)

Describe ultimate source of energy for living things

Energy Pyramids:

Fill in amount of energy at given levels & calculate for any levels from there

Label trophic levels

Organism relationships:

Describe the role that each type of organism plays in the environment

Predator/ prey relationships

Competition

Symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism)