Here is a selection of short films that students examine in preparation for the creation of their own short film or screenplay. Remember you need at least 80 mins of short films listed and discussed in your reflective analysis.
The briefs for 2023-2025 students include: Distinct Genre, Parallel Stories, Non Linear or Narrator.
High Maintenance (Philip Van, 2006)
Take one mind-blowing twist, a softly-lit, Film Noir aesthetic, a lot of dark humour, and yet another mind-blowing twist and you get…. High Maintenance: a student film that won its director a $12000 scholarship - not bad for just over a week’s work, eh?* It’s hard to describe without spoilers, but it’s ostensibly a film that depicts the future of internet dating. It’s super-cool, super-slick and super-disturbing, super-SciFi!
Dystopian Science Fiction
Dark Comedy
Big CU for alignments with female protagonists
Romance & relationships
Stereotypes of femininity & masculinity
SRS editing - diff between men & women
Twist ending
The Gunfighter (Kissack, 2014)
Have you ever wondered what would happen if everyone around you could hear what you were thinking? The Gunfighter plays out that concept to its most absurd and grisly end. The film looks like a classic period western, and uses many of its character archetypes and tropes – including a spectacular Mexican standoff at the climax. The Gunfighter won the Audience Award for Best Short Film at the 2014 Los Angeles Film Festival and was a "Best of Fest Selection" at the 2014 Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films.
Distinct genre (Western)
Postmodernism
Use of narrator
Recognisable character types
American masculinity
Black comedy
Comic timing
Parody
Connect (Abrahams, 2010)
If I told you that this film is about someone who deliberately touches a stranger on a bus, you might get the wrong idea… OK, so illicit touching is technically what happens in the film, but it’s really about the isolating experience of modern life, and the transformational potential of the human imagination. Connect is a pure gem: so simple, yet so evocative, with moments of black humour and joyful magic. You won’t regret spending 5 minutes of your time on it!
Realism & Expressionism combined
POV shots - subjective cinematography
Loneliness
CU & alignment
Vicarious experience - emotional connection
Diegetic & Non Diegetic use of music
About a Girl (Percival 2001)
About a Girl opens with a striking shot of a silhouette — against a skyline of clouds above a field — of a girl singing the Britney Spears song "Stronger" and doing the dance routine. It cuts abruptly to a close-up of the girl talking to the camera. She is walking against a backdrop of Manchester's industrial landscape, talking non-stop, mixing wry statements about stardom and singers with random quotes from her parents and descriptions of her life: her relationship with her dad, her frustrations with her mum, her desire to become a famous singer, and the band she has formed with her friends.
Diegetic Narrator
Unreliable Narrator
Close Ups
Flashbacks
Social Realism - focus on real location
Themes - Poverty and Neglect
Cut away shots to reveal reality
Jump Cut editing
Shocking Ending
Wasp (Arnold, 2003)
Zoë is a single mother who lives with her four children in Dartford. She is poor and can't afford to buy food. One day her ex-boyfriend drives by and asks her to go on a date with him. Scared that he doesn't want to go out with her, she lies and tells him that she is just babysitting the kids. This will be her first date in years.
Social Realism
Social Issues - Poverty & Teenage Mother
Real Location
Diegetic Sound
Handheld Camera - chaotic & Immediacy
Dark Comedy
Sympathy and Alignment - non judgemental
Poetic Realism - Everyday objects become symbolic (including wasps)
Swimmer (Ramsay, 2012)
A young man swims across the rivers and lakes of Britain to a soundtrack of assorted nationalistic music. As he passes people on the banksides including children, lovers and a tramp their thoughts and conversations are also heard. Ultimately, after walking through a wood at night, the boy returns to the water and appears to sink below the surface.
Poetic Realism
POV Shots
Monochrome Aesthetic
Memories - Soundscape
British Identity/Childhood
Slow Motion
Surreal/Dreamlike tone
Stutterer (Cleary, 2015)
For a lonely typographer, an online relationship has provided a much-needed connection without revealing the speech impediment that has kept him isolated. Now, however, he is faced with the proposition of meeting his online paramour in the flesh, and thereby revealing the truth about himself.
Big CUs - Alignment
Exposition - Character intro
Isolation - through framing
Online dating
Inciting incident - Impending date
Character based comedy
Mise-en-scene used to create character
Human connection/communication
When the Day Breaks (Forbis & Tilby, 1999)
A chance encounter, a juicy yellow lemon and an unfortunate twist of fate will reveal that the symbiotic relationship between people is inextricable.
A rooster has his last biscuit for breakfast and goes grocery shopping. A pig prepares her breakfast (potato peelings, with the potatoes thrown in the trash) and discovers she needs more milk. Their paths cross, a lemon falls into the sewer, and both lives are changed.
Animation
Linear narrative
Anthropomorphism
Dark comedy
Tragedy
Life and death
Montage editing
City life
La Ricotta (Pasolini, 1963)
La ricotta is an exuberant film, part in color and part in black-and-white and mixing comedy and tragedy in an unnerving way. It is also quite savage in its attacks on various targets, notably the Italian film industry, and arguably disrespectful to say the least toward Catholic tradition if not Christianity itself.
Pier Paolo Pasolini’s contribution to the omnibus film Ro.Go.Pa.G. casts Orson Welles as a director attempting to make a film of the crucifixion of Jesus—all while he, the cast, and crew behave in the most un-Christlike ways imaginable
Experimental film
Meta narrative – film within a film
Vivid colour and surrealism/ black and white realism
Social commentary – controversial portrayal of the church
Themes of poverty and inequality
Ugliness and constructed beauty – appearance and reality
Meshes of the Afternoon (Deren, 1943)
A woman returning home falls asleep and has vivid dreams that may or may not be happening in reality. Through repetitive images and complete mismatching of the objective view of time and space, her dark inner desires play out on-screen.
Surrealism and dreams
Motifs and symbolic objects
Disjointed, non-linear narrative
Shadows – German Expressionism
Horror cinematography – POV shots, tracking shots
Theme of time and perception
Theme of violence and death
The Grandmother (Lynch, 1970)
A lonely boy looks for an escape from his abusive parents, so he plants some strange seeds to grow a grandmother to love and comfort him.
It uses a mix of animation and live-action for the sort of surrealistic horror that would be typical of Lynch's entire career.
Made by Lynch for the American Film Institute on a budget of $7200. The AFI gave him a grant on the basis of two micro-short films he'd made as a student.
Surrealism
Experimental techniques
Animation
Grotesque close-ups
Themes of loneliness and abuse
Expressionistic mise-en-scene
Night Fishing ( Park Chan-wook, 2011)
Filmed using an iPhone 4.
A man casually sets up for a fishing trip at the water's edge. Evening comes and a tug on his line presents him with the body of a woman. While he tries to disentangle himself from the fishing lines, she comes alive. The scene changes and the woman is now a shaman priestess in a funeral ritual for a man who drowned in a river. He speaks through her to his relatives, asking for forgiveness.
Surrealism/Horror
Low budget aesthetic
Death and the afterlife
Canted angles and other devices to suggest the supernatural
Non-linear narrative
Rituals
Family conflict
Loneliness
Grief
Curfew (Christensen, 2013)
Having reached the lowest point in his life, a self-destructive man on the brink of demise receives an unexpected call from his estranged sister to look after her young daughter for the night. Could this be the beginning of a new reality?
Curfew is a 2012 American short film directed by Shawn Christensen. The film won the Oscar for Best Live Action Short Film at the 85th Academy Awards.
The short is the basis for a feature film which premiered at SXSW 2014 titled Before I Disappear.
Ironic use of The Flower Duet, a song about romantic possibilities, sung in a major key
Black humour
High angle shot of Richie – his desperation
Big close-ups for alignment
Contrasting physical appearance of Richie and Sophia
Expressionistic use of slow motion and music
Character reveals/backstory
Difficult family relationships
Pitch Black Heist (Maclean, 2012)
Liam (Liam Cunningham) and Michael (Michael Fassbender) are professional safe crackers who meet on a simple job to relieve an office safe from its contents. The catch is a light activated alarm system impelling the men to embark on a pitch black heist.
BAFTA winner Best Short Film.
Distinct genre – heist as sub-genre of crime film
Starts in media res 68
Black comedy
Monochrome aesthetic
Intense relationship
Contrasting character types – comedy archetypes
Match cuts to show similarity between characters
Twist ending
The Silent Child (Overton, 2017)
Joanne, a social worker, teaches sign language to a four-year-old Libby, who has a hearing disability. However, Libby's family is ignorant of her needs and instead force her to learn lip-reading.
Sign language
Communication and human connection
Isolation
Childhood
Aerial shot
Isolated location – horror aesthetic
Middle class family
Shallow focus/shifts in focus for isolation – push and pull focus
Neglect
POV shots – alignment
Silent sequences – vicarious experience
Hair Love (Cherry, 2019)
Hair Love, is an animated short film that centres around the relationship between an African-American father, Stephen, his daughter, Zuri and her hair. Despite having long locks, Stephen has been used to his wife doing his daughter's hair, so when she is unavailable right before a big event, Stephen will have to figure it out on his own.
Animation
Childhood
Flashback
Family
Masculinity
Music to express emotions and to create narrative
Expressionistic sections – personification of the hair
Narration from her mother via a video
Classical Hollywood narrative structure
Two Cars One Night (Waititi, 2004)
The film is about two young boys and a girl meeting in the carpark of a rural pub in Te Kaha, New Zealand. What at first seems to be a relationship based on rivalry soon develops into a potential friendship.
Childhood
Rites of passage
Comedy
Sweeping camera movement
Fast motion – passage of time
POV shots
Zooming in to show connection between characters
Adults’ world and children’s world
Two shots
Monochrome aesthetic
Wild Tales - Pasternak
Black comedy
Slow zoom and long take as co-incidences revealed
Pace of editing increases
Non-diegetic music – low strings – to build tension
Satire
Male arrogance
Wild animals theme – closely beneath ‘civilisation’
Silent sequences – vicarious experience
Wild Tales - The Rats
Horror aesthetic
Pathetic fallacy
POV shots
Framing to show differing outlook of the two women
Political corruption
Male arrogance and abuse of power
CU alignment with waitress and cook
Shallow focus and pull focus to direct attention
Non-diegetic music for sadness and tragedy
Wild Tales - The Strongest
Car commercial aesthetic
Beautiful scenery/ugly behaviour
Dark comedy
Patriarchal power
Class differences
Atavistic masculinity
Horror aesthetic through music and very long shot to show isolation
Ironic humour at the end
Wild Tales - Little Bomb
In media res at the opening – surreal tone – foreshadowing
Low angle shots of the demolition expert – powerful in a masculine environment
Dark humour
Corrupt, uncaring capitalism
Revenge
Close ups for alignment
Long shot to show the extent of the queue and his sense of entitlement and male power
Ordinary person vs corrupt institutions
Power of social media
Wild Tales - The Proposal
Class divisions – wealth through mise-en-scene
Autumn leaves symbolic of change 72
Non-diegetic music – high strings tension – thriller
Gender stereotypes of parents
Entitled, weak son – stereotypes of wealth
Power of the wealthy and corruption of the judiciary
Society of huge class differences
Victims of the wealthy
Wild Tales - Till Death do us Part
Wealth through panning shots – amount of wedding guests
Song ‘Titanium’ – inner strength of the bride – foreshadowing – about to be tested
Fast cutting rate, exposition – happiness, celebration
Editing emphasises gender divisions
CU of bride – dark comedy – insincere performance with his family – sets up conflict
Close-up and slow zoom for the inciting incident – her realisation
POV shots – alignment with the bride
Aerial shot of the roof – implies suicide rather than revenge
Dark comedy – revenge is through money
Materialistic, class ridden Argentinian society
Absurd comedy,
Wallace and Gromit
Animation/claymation
Comedy
Three act structure
Classical Hollywood narrative structure
Good vs evil
Hollywood parody
British stereotypes
The Human Voice (Almodovar, 2020)
A woman watches time passing next to the suitcases of her ex-lover (who is supposed to come pick them up, but never arrives) and a restless dog who doesn't understand that his master has abandoned him. Two living beings facing abandonment.
Symbolic use of primary colours – Almodovar auteur feature
Red dress symbolises vibrancy, life but also death
Bright, colourful apartment – juxtaposed with misery of protagonist
Voice over narration
High angle/aerial shot of the set – Hitchcock influence – helplessness of the protagonist
Orchestral music – non-diegetic • Blue suit – calculated killer – axe?
Meta layer – aerial shot reveals it is a sound stage – theatrical – suspension of disbelief
Boundaries between film and theatre blurred
Despair/abandonment – close-ups, alignment
Narration becomes diegetic through phone call
Triumphant ending – takes control of herself and the dog! Female empowerment typical of Almodovar
Elephant (Clarke, 1989)
The recurring action of "Elephant" consists of the camera closely following someone walking down a small path and then shooting other person, then the camera stays there with the victim for a little while. This goes on and on for about 40 minutes, and that's the whole movie. Pounding our minds with this cold-blooded, disturbing and unexplainable scenario, barely containing any dialog and not giving any reasons behind those acts, director Alan Clarke and his last film deals with 'the troubles' in Northern Ireland but it also seems more than just that. One can view it with a wider perception. Why such title? It comes from Bernard MacLaverty's description of the troubles as "the elephant in our living room", a reference to people's denial of the underlying social problems of Northern Ireland.
Tracking shots
Static long shots
Lack of a protagonist
Repetitive senseless violence
Long take on victim – uncomfortable viewing
Masculinity
Diegetic sound – no dialogue
Political themes