Embedded Files
BITTER WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
What factors helped America win the war?
EARLY WAR YEARS
EARLY WAR YEARS
WAR IN THE MIDDLE STATES | THE STRUGGLE FOR NEW YORK | BATTLES OF SARATOGA
Despite its disadvantages, the Continental Army managed to win important battles early on in the American Revolution.
Due to poor planning, the British expectation that they would dominate the Hudson River Valley proved to be incorrect.
American planning and coordination, along with British miscalculation, led to Patriot victories at Saratoga and a turning point in the American Revolution.
THE WAR EXPANDS
THE WAR EXPANDS
SEEKING HELP FROM EUROPE | HARDSHIP AND CHALLENGES | WOMEN'S ROLES IN THE REVOLUTION | WAR AT SEA
Assistance from European powers and from heroes of various backgrounds helped Americans overcome some of their disadvantages in the American Revolution.
The Continental Army faced hardship and challenges at Valley Forge and on the frontier.
Even though they could not officially serve in the army, women played many key roles in the American Revolution.
The Continental Navy needed teamwork, determination, and strategy as it faced almost impossible odds against Britain’s Royal Navy.
THE PATH TO VICTORY
THE PATH TO VICTORY
WAR IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES | THE TIDE TURNS | WAR ENDS | AN ALLY IN THE AMERICAN VICTORY
At first, southern battles went badly for the Continental Army, but the Patriots soon found ways to torment the British.
A change in leadership and a victory in the Carolinas helped change the course of the war in the Southern Colonies.
The British defeat at the Battle of Yorktown brought an end to the American Revolution.
The Continental Army had several types of geographic advantages: terrain, population distribution, distance, and climate.
Once a formal treaty was negotiated and signed, the United States began to forge its new identity as an independent nation.
REVIEW
REVIEW
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Articles of Confederation - (n.) a set of laws adopted by the United States in 1777 that established each state in the union as a republic, replaced by the Constitution in 1789
Counterattack - (n.) an attack made in response to a previous attack
Defensive War - (n.) a war to protect one’s own land, on familiar ground, from outside attackers
Fortification - (n.) a structure built to protect a place from attack
Mercenary - (n.) a soldier who is paid to fight for a country other than his or her own
Reinforcements - (n.) more soldiers and supplies sent to help military troops engage in warfare
Republic - (n.) a form of government in which the people elect representatives to speak for them and enact laws based on their needs
Bayonet - (n.) a sharp blade attached to the end of a rifle
Blockade - (n.) to block ships from entering or leaving a harbor
Desert - (v.) to run away from the army or another branch of the military to avoid military service
Espionage - (n.) the practice of spying to obtain information
Financier - (n.) a person who lends or manages money for a business or undertaking
Skirmish - (n.) a small, short-lasting battle
Expertise - (n.) an expert knowledge or skill
Guerrilla - (adj.) relating to an independent military group that uses methods such as sneak attacks and sabotage
Pacifist - (n.) a person who stands against war and violence
Provisions - (n.) legal conditions that anticipate future needs
Republicanism - (n.) a government in which people choose representatives to make their laws
Treaty of Paris of 1783 - (n.) the binding agreement between Britain and the United States in which Britain acknowledged American independence, and the initial borders of the United States were determined
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