CHAPTER 3
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
Embedded Files
THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
How did early settlers cope with challenges as they established the first 13 colonies?
EARLY COLONIES HAVE MIXED SUCCESS
EARLY COLONIES HAVE MIXED SUCCESS
COLONIZING VIRGINIA | JAMESTOWN | CONFLICT WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
Virginia’s first colonists struggled with starvation, wars, and disease before finally finding success in their new home.
Wars between Native Americans and Virginian colonists raged on and off for decades as each group laid claim to the land.
“The American dream was born on the banks of the James River.” —William Kelso
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
PILGRIMS AND PURITANS | SQUANTO | FOUNDATIONS OF DEMOCRACY | WAR AND WITCH TRIALS
The New England colonies became a new home for groups who wished to create societies centered on their religious principles.
“[Squanto] was a special instrument sent of God for [the Pilgrims’] good beyond their expectation.” —from the journal of William Bradford, governor of Plymouth Colony
Part folk hero, part myth, much of what we know—or think we know—about Squanto comes from often conflicting eyewitness accounts.
Democracy is founded on a number of principles, one of which is equality. Throughout history, legal documents have outlined rights and created rules for governing communities fairly. Some of these writings inspired the authors of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
In colonial New England, the Puritans established a style of governing that revolved around town hall meetings. These meetings were some of the first experiments in American democracy.
In the late 1600s, wars with Native Americans raged in the New England colonies and witch trials nearly tore the town of Salem apart.
MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES
MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES
THE MIDDLE COLONIES | FORMING ALLIANCES | THE SOUTHERN COLONIES | ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE THIRTEEN COLONIES | WEROWOCOMOCO, THE POWHATAN CAPITAL
The Middle Colonies included a diverse mix of cultures and religions as people from different countries began to settle in the region.
The Iroquois Confederacy consisted of five tribes that worked together to defeat other Native American tribes and the French.
The Iroquois Confederacy consisted of five tribes that worked together to defeat other Native American tribes and the French.
Colonists used the abundant resources around them to develop thriving economies in three colonial regions.
In the 1600s, Werowocomoco was the capital of the Powhatan tribes. Today researchers are exploring its site to learn about the tribes and their interactions with English colonists.
REVIEW
REVIEW
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Charter - (n.) a written grant establishing an institution and detailing members' rights and privileges
Indentured Servant - (n.) a person under contract to work, usually without pay, in exchange for free passage to the colonies
Joint-Stock Company - (n.) a company whose shareholders own stock in the company
Traitor - (n.) a person who betrays his or her own people, nation, or cause
Banish - (v.) to send away as punishment, usually without hope of return
Dissenter - (n.) a person who disagrees with a majority belief or position
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - (n.) a founding document of the Connecticut colony that listed 11 laws and stood as the framework for governing the colony
King Philip's War - (n.) a violent conflict between Native Americans and English colonists from New England, who were aided by Native American allies
Levy - (v.) to require the payment of a tax
Mayflower Compact - (n.) a shipboard contract signed by the Pilgrims on the Mayflower before they landed in North America, binding them to abide by their own laws and establish a civil society
Self-Governance - (n.) the control of one's own affairs; the control of community affairs and laws by those who live there rather than by an outside ruler or monarch
Separatist - (n.) a person in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to leave the Church of England
Alliance - (n.) an agreement between nations to fight each other's enemies or otherwise collaborate; a partnership
Confederacy - (n.) an agreement among several groups, states, or governments to protect and support one another in battle or other endeavors
Doctrine - (n.) a principle or set of beliefs accepted by a group
Economic Activity - (n.) actions that involve the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
Natural Resource - (n.) a material or substance found in nature that can be used to sustain a society or exploited for economic gain, such as minerals, water, or living things
Neutrality - (n.) the refusal to take sides or become involved
Proprietor - (n.) a person with ownership of a colony, including the right to manage and distribute land and to establish government
Raw Material - (n.) the basic substances and elements used to make products
Royal Colony - (n.) a colony ruled by a monarch through an appointed governor
Tributary - (n.) a creek, stream, or river that flows into a larger river or other body of water
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