CHAPTER 1
THREE WORLDS BEFORE 1500
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LAND OF PLENTY
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
ESSENTIAL CHAPTER QUESTION
How were early civilizations in the Americas, Africa, and Europe both similar and different?
SOCIETIES OF THE AMERICAS
SOCIETIES OF THE AMERICAS
EARLY AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS | WESTERN AMERICAN CULTURES | EASTERN AMERICAN CULTURES | NATIVE AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTS
Civilizations emerged and thrived in Mesoamerica and South America for thousands of years.
A variety of environments, characterized by climate and landforms, influenced the development of western North American cultures.
Native Americans in eastern North America established stable agricultural societies and specialized burial and religious practices.
Archaeologist John Kelly’s excavations of the Cahokia Mounds have provided insight into the city’s culture and its rise and fall.
Before European settlement, 500 Native American tribes inhabited North America. Geography helped to shape their diverse cultures.
SOCIETIES OF EUROPE
SOCIETIES OF EUROPE
THE MIDDLE AGES | RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION | TRADE EXPANDS
During the Middle Ages, Western Europe underwent many political, economic, and social changes.
The Renaissance marked a time of curiosity, learning, experimentation, communication, and change.
New sea routes and developments in sailing technology allowed for an expansion of trade between European societies and the East.
SOCIETIES OF WEST AFRICA
SOCIETIES OF WEST AFRICA
THE KINGDOM OF GHANA | MALI AND SONGHAI
West Africa’s location made it a major trade center, leading to the rise of the kingdom of Ghana and the spread of Islam.
Wealth from the kingdoms of Mali and Songhai spread along trans-Saharan trade routes to northern Africa and Europe.
REVIEW
REVIEW
VIDEOS
VIDEOS
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY
Civilization - (n.) a society with a highly developed culture and technology
Domesticate - (v.) to raise plants and animals for human benefit and consumption
Geographic Perspective -(n.) the examination of how geography affects people and culture
Human Geography - (n.) the study of how people and their cultures are affected by physical geography and how human activities affect the environment
Iroquois League - (n.) the confederation of five Iroquois-speaking nations: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca; later joined by the Tuscarora
Irrigation - (n.) the supply of water to fields using human-made systems
Kayak - (n.) a canoe with a light frame and a small opening on top in which to sit
Matrilineal - (adj.) relating to descends traced through the mother
Migrate - (v.) to move from one place to another
Physical Geography - (n.) the study of Earth's exterior features
Potlatch - (n.) a gift-giving ceremony practiced by the Kwakiutl and Haida Native American tribes
Slash-And-Burn Agriculture - (n.) a method of clearing fields for planting that involves cutting and setting fire to existing trees and plants
Tepee - (n.) a cone-shaped tent made of bison hides
Tundra - (n.) the flat treeless land found in arctic and subarctic regions
Caravel - (n.) a small, fast ship used by Spanish and Portuguese explorers
Feudalism - (n.) a political and social system in which a vassal receives protection from a lord in exchange for obedience and service
Hierarchy - (n.) the classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing
Humanism - (n.) a movement that focuses on the importance of the individual
Manor System - (n.) an economic system in which peasants are bound to a lord and work his land, or manor, in exchange for food and shelter
Navigation - (n.) the science of finding position and planning routes, often used in relation to seafaring
Printing Press - (n.) an invention that used moveable metal type to print pages
Profit - (n.) the amount of money left for a business after expenses are deducted
Protestant - (n.) a follower of the Reformation in Christianity
Serf - (n.) a person who lived and worked on the private land of a landowner such as a noble or medieval lord
Vassal - (n.) in the medieval European feudal system, a person, usually a lesser nobleman, who received land and protection from a feudal lord in exchange for obedience and service
Caravan - (n.) a group of people and animals traveling together, usually for trade
Convert - (v.) to persuade to change one's beliefs; often refers to a change in religion
Oasis - (n.) a fertile place with water in a desert
Pilgrimage - (n.) a religious journey
Steppe - (n.) a vast, grassy plain
Trans-Saharan - (adj.) across the Sahara
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