Bias - a particular tendency, trend, inclination, feeling, or opinion, especially one that is preconceived or unreasoned: illegal bias against older job applicants; the magazine’s bias toward art rather than photography; our strong bias in favor of the idea.
Data, or Evidence - In journalism, evidence is concrete detail that supports an opinion or argument. Evidence can be a quote from a source, or citing statistics from a well-known research organization, or eyewitness accounts from people who saw something happen.
Fact - Something that is provable by data or evidence. Facts are facts. They can be interpreted, though, to mean different things. For example, if we surveyed 100 students about the dress code, and 60 of them said the dress code was awful, we have data or evidence to support the idea that the majority of students in general do not like the dress code. However, we could also say that 40 percent of the students are not opposed to it. It depends on where you put the emphasis. The FACT part is that 100 students were surveyed, and the numbers that the survey produced.
Opinion - In journalism, writing opinion pieces, or editorials, is absolutely fine as long as the piece is labeled opinion, or it's clear that the piece is promoting a specific idea that could be argued. In newspapers, these stories are printed on the editorial pages. In television news, opinions and fact-based stories are often combined to attract more viewers. Opinions can be argued. Facts cannot be argued.
Propaganda - information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. In countries without a free press, most news stories express unquestioning support for the government by printing propaganda.
Source - In journalism , a source is person or organization from which information is obtained. Sources can be legitimate or not valid. Anonymous sources are the weakest types of sources, but sometimes being anonymous is necessary if the person giving information fears consequences. Named sources are always better and more credible.
Sponsored Content - Items on news websites that are actually advertisements or promotions.
Valid or Legitimate News Source - This is somewhat subjective, but in general, media outlets that employ professional journalists who do independent research are considered legitimate or valid news sources. Some examples are the New York Times, the Washington Post, Politico.com, NBC news, Reuters, Fox News, National Public Radio and PBS, CNN, to name a few.