Climate Refugees

Climate change is changing the way we interact with our environments. With a changing climate come potential consequences for life on Earth.

Climate change is the alteration of temperature and normal weather patterns in a place. This could refer to a particular location on the planet or the planet as a whole. Climate change is currently happening throughout the world as a result of global warming. When humans burn fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal, gases are released into Earth’s atmosphere. These gases trap the heat from the Sun’s rays inside the atmosphere, causing global warming, or a rise in the planet’s overall temperature.

The warming of the planet impacts local and regional climates. The term climate refers to the usual weather of a place. This includes average seasonal temperatures, rainfall, snowfall, and wind patterns. Different places have different climates. A desert, for example, is referred to as an aridclimate because it is usually hot in summer, cold in winter, and dry all year round. The effects of climate change, however, make weather patterns more unpredictable. In a desert, that may mean that higher than average temperatures can produce more severe and prolonged droughts. Unpredictable weather patterns can also make it difficult to grow crops and maintain farmland.

In polar regions, climate change has meant that ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate from season to season. This contributes to sea levels rising in different regions of the planet. Together with expanding ocean waters due to rising temperatures, the resulting rise in sea level has begun to damage coastlines as a result of increased flooding and erosion.

Increase in average temperatures and temperature extremes

One of the most immediate and obvious effects of global warming is the increase in temperatures around the world. The average global temperature has increased by about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) over the past 100 years, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Extreme weather events

Extreme weather is another effect of global warming. While experiencing some of the hottest summers on record, much of the United States has also been experiencing colder-than-normal winters.

Ice melt

One of the primary manifestations of climate change so far is melt. North America, Europe and Asia have all seen a trend toward less snow cover between 1960 and 2015, according to 2016 research published in the journal Current Climate Change Reports. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, there is now 10 percent less permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, in the Northern Hemisphere than there was in the early 1900s. The thawing of permafrost can cause landslides and other sudden land collapses. It can also release long-buried microbes, as in a 2016 case when a cache of buried reindeer carcasses thawed and caused an outbreak of anthrax.

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