1. A metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things not using like or as.
2. A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as.
3. First person point of view is when a story is told from the point of view of I.
4. Third person point of view is when the narrator sounds like the author.
5. Personification is giving human qualities to animals or objects (e.g., the happy moon and the smiling sun).
6. Hyperbole is an exaggeration or overstatement. (e.g., I am so thirsty I could drink 12 gallons of milk.)
7. Onomatopoeia is a word such as buzz, crash, or gush that imitates the sound it represents.
8. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words (e.g., bigger and better; jump for joy).
9. Fiction is text with plot, character, point of view, setting, and theme, such as fables, tall tales, and folktales.
10. Nonfiction is text written to explain, argue about, or describe, such as biographies and personal essays.
11. A stanza is a verse in poetry where the lines are written together using a pattern.
12. A rhyme is a pattern of words that contain similar sounds.
13. The plot is the sequence of events that tells a story.
14. The setting is the time and place in a story.
15. The tone is the attitude of the writer in a story.
16. To make an inference is to figure out something based on prior knowledge and evidence from the text.
17. To draw a conclusion means to make a decision or generalization based on evidence from the text.
18. The central idea is the main idea or key point made in the text.
19. Facts are statements that can be proved true.
20. Opinions are statements that reflect beliefs or feelings.
21. A thesaurus is a reference book of synonyms.
22. Base or root words are words that can be added to using prefixes or suffixes to make other words.
23. Affixes are sounds added to the beginning or end of a root or base word to make another word.
24. Idioms are expressions that cannot be understood from the meanings of their separate words but must be learned as a whole. (e.g., It is raining cats and dogs.)
25. Context clues are words in a sentence that help to determine what a word means.
26. A paragraph consists of sentences that cover a single topic.
27. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses or simple sentences. (e.g., Summer was fun, but I was ready for school to start.)
28. The first step in the writing process is called prewrite and is when you might use a graphic organizer to organize your thoughts.
29. Quotation marks are used to show something that has been quoted word for word.
30. Editing is the step in the writing process when you make sure words and sentences in your writing make sense.
31. A narrative is a text that describes a sequence of real or unreal events.
32. A multiple paragraph composition is a written piece that contains more than one paragraph.
33. A dictionary is a reference book that explains what words mean.
34. A glossary is a list of the hard or unusual words found in a book.
35. An atlas is a collection of maps.
36. To summarize is to retell the important ideas from what you read or heard.
37. To paraphrase is to state in your own words the meaning of what someone else has said or written.
38. An almanac is an annual reference book with useful and interesting facts.
39. An encyclopedia is an alphabetically arranged reference book that has information on many topics.
40. A bibliography is a list of the resources used to write a nonfiction piece.
41. The author’s purpose is the reason that an author writes a piece. The author’s purpose could be to entertain, inform, or persuade.
1. The answer to a multiplication problem is called the product.
2. A quotient is the answer to a division problem.
3. The number by which a number is being divided is called the divisor.
4. The number that is divided in a division problem is called the dividend.
5. The numerator is the number above the bar in a fraction.
6. The number below the bar in a fraction is called the denominator.
7. An equivalent fraction is a fraction that shows different numbers with the exact same value.
8. An improper fraction is a fraction greater than or equal to one. The numerator is greater than the denominator.
9. A mixed number is a number containing a whole number and a fraction.
10. A number with one or more digits to the right of the decimal point is known as a decimal.
11. A variable is a letter or symbol that represents a number.
12. An expression is a math sentence without an equal sign.
13. An equation is a math sentence with an equal sign.
14. A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides.
15. A square is a polygon with four right angles and four congruent sides.
16. A rectangle is a polygon with opposite sides parallel and four right angles.
17. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has one pair of parallel sides.
18. A rhombus is a parallelogram with all four sides the same length.
19. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
20. Translation or slide is when you move an object in any direction without rotating it.
21. Reflection is a mirror view.
22. Rotation is to turn an object.
23. A cube is a solid figure that has six square faces of equal size.
24. A rectangular prism is a solid figure with six faces that are rectangles.
25. A cylinder is a solid shape with two circular faces and a cylindrical surface connecting the two faces.
26. Congruent means having the same shape and the same size.
27. A point is an exact location represented by a dot.
28. A line is a straight path that goes on without end in both directions.
29. A line segment is part of a line. It has two endpoints.
30. A ray is part of a line that starts at an endpoint and goes on forever in one direction.
31. Two rays joined by an endpoint make an angle.
32. An acute angle is an angle that measures less than 90 degrees.
33. A right angle measure 90 degrees.
34. An obtuse angle is an angle that measures greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
35. A polygon is a simple closed figure made up of three or more sides.
36. There are several ways to measure length (how long something is), including inches, centimeters, and millimeters.
37. Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object. Measuring liquid volume can be done with cups, quarts, and liters
38. Measuring weight and mass can be done with pounds, milligrams, and kilograms.
39. Angles can be different degrees, including 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees.
40. Convert units of length: inches, feet, yards, and miles.
41. Convert units of volume: cups, pints, quarts, and gallons.
42. Convert units of time: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, and years.
43. The distance around a figure is called the perimeter.
44. Area is measured in square units.
45. The metric unit for measuring temperature is Celsius.
46. The customary unit for measuring temperature is Fahrenheit.
47. 8 liquid ounces = 1 cup
48. 2 cups = 1 pint
49. 2 pints = 1 quart
50. 4 quarts = 1 gallon
51. 365 days = 1 year
52. 52 weeks = 1 year
53. 16 ounces = 1 pound
54. 2,000 pounds = 1 ton
55. 5,280 feet = 1 mile
56. A table has mathematical information organized in columns and rows.
57. A line graph is used to show changes over time.
58. A bar graph is used to compare data about different groups or events.
59. Probability is the chance of an event occurring.
60. An outcome is the result in a probability experiment.
1. Quantitative observations are numbers that describe what happens during an experiment (e.g., weighed 10 grams).
2. Qualitative observations are words or sentences that describe what happens during an experiment.
3. An experiment is a test to find out something.
4. A hypothesis or prediction is an educated guess about what you think will happen in an experiment.
5. Procedures are the step-by-step directions of an experiment.
6. Variables are the things that have an effect on an experiment.
7. The results are what actually happened in the science experiment.
8. Numerical information gathered during an experiment is known as data.
9. An inference is when you take the results and add your own knowledge to form a logical conclusion.
10. The conclusion is a summary of the results.
11. Living organisms can be classified into two major groups: plants or animals.
12. Plants are capable of making their own food in a process called photosynthesis.
13. Flowering plants are those that make seeds.
14. Non-flowering plants are those that produce cones or spores instead of seeds.
15. Animals get their energy from eating plants and/or other animals.
16. Animals with backbones are called vertebrates.
17. Animals without backbones are called invertebrates.
18. Vertebrates can be divided into five groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
19. Fish breathe with gills and have scales and fins.
20. Amphibians have smooth, moist skin. They spend the first part of their lives breathing with gills and develop lungs as adults.
21. Reptiles breathe with lungs and have scales or plates.
22. Birds breathe with lungs and have feathers, a beak, two wings, and two feet.
23. Mammals breathe with lungs and have fur or hair.
24. Some invertebrates, such as worms and jellyfish, have fluid-filled bodies.
25. Some invertebrates, such as insects and crabs, have a hard outer shell called an exoskeleton.
26. Swamps, rivers and streams, tropical rain forests, deserts, and polar regions are all examples of different biomes.
27. Swamps are warm environments that have many plants such as ferns, reeds, and cypress trees. Animals found there include alligators, water birds, and turtles.
28. Rivers and streams are moving bodies of water. Many bushes, trees, and water plants along with fish, snakes, and insects live there.
29. Tropical rainforests are very humid and warm places with extreme amounts of rainfall. A large number of plants and animals live here including trees, vines, birds, frogs, and monkeys.
30. Deserts are dry regions with extreme temperatures (hot or cold). Cacti, lizards, scorpions, and rabbits are examples of some living organisms found there.
31. Polar regions are extremely cold with little plant life. Plants such as mosses, lichens, grasses, and small shrubs; and animals such as foxes, seals, penguins, and polar bears live there.
32. All animals (including humans) use their senses to help them survive in their environment.
33. An instinct is a behavior an animal is born with or inherits. (e.g., A duck is born knowing how to swim.)
34. Acquired or learned behaviors are those that organisms learn as they grow. (e.g., A bird learns to fly, and a bear learns to fish.)
35. All living organisms must have space, food, shelter, and water to survive in their environments.
36. All planets orbit or move around the sun.
37. Planets are satellites that orbit the sun.
38. The sun is located in the center of our solar system and is a large ball of hot, glowing gases.
39. Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Pluto are rocky planets.
40. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus are all made of gas.
41. Planet order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
42. Earth has a rocky surface and has water.
43. Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere made of gases.
44. The moon orbits the Earth.
45. The moon has a rocky, dusty surface along with many craters. It does not have water or an atmosphere.
46. A crater is a bowl-shaped hole, usually found on the moon, created by a meteorite.
47. The sun is a star that gives off two kinds of energy: heat and light.
48. The sun’s energy is stored in the Earth as fossil fuels.
49. Coal, oil, and gas are forms of fossil fuels.
50. The sun’s energy affects weather on Earth.
51. A revolution is the movement of Earth as it makes one trip around the sun.
52. It takes Earth 365 days or one year to revolve around the sun one time.
53. Earth spins on an imaginary line called an axis. It runs through the center of the planet.
54. It takes Earth 24 hours or one day to rotate or spin on its axis.
55. A rotation is the movement of Earth as it spins on its axis.
56. Earth has seasons because the Earth’s axis is tilted and the Earth revolves around the sun.
57. Summer occurs when part of the Earth is tilted toward the sun.
58. Winter occurs when part of the Earth is tilted away from the sun.
59. The moon reflects the sun’s light. It does not make its own light.
60. The moon goes through phases where it appears to change shape.
61. A new moon occurs when the side of the moon facing Earth is completely dark.
62. A quarter moon occurs when half of the side of the moon facing Earth is lighted and the other half is dark.
63. A full moon occurs when the side of the moon facing Earth is lighted.
64. A crescent moon occurs when less than half of the side of the moon facing Earth is lighted.
65. It takes the moon 29½ days (about 1 month or 4 weeks) to go through all of its phases (from new moon to new moon).
66. Gravity is a force that pulls objects downward.
67. The ocean tides are the result of the moon’s gravity and Earth’s gravity pulling on each other.
68. Shadows change size throughout the day due to Earth’s rotation.
69. A telescope is an instrument used to study objects in outer space.
70. The steps of the water cycle are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
71. Evaporation is when liquid water becomes a gas.
72. Water vapor is the gas form of water.
73. Condensation occurs when water vapor changes back into a liquid.
74. Clouds form as a result of condensation.
75. Any form of water that falls from a cloud is called precipitation.
76. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all types of precipitation.
77. Once precipitation has fallen on land, it returns to lakes and oceans as runoff.
78. Puffy, white clouds formed as large bubbles of warm air rapidly rise into the atmosphere are called cumulus clouds. They sometimes bring rain.
79. Cirrus clouds are made of ice crystals. They are thin, wispy clouds located high in the sky.
80. Stratus clouds form when warm air is pushed over cold air. They cover a large area of the sky.
81. The condition of how fast the air is moving is called wind speed.
82. The condition determined by where the wind is coming from is called wind direction.
83. Precipitation is the type of water falling from clouds to the Earth.
84. Temperature is how hot or cold the air is at a given time.
85. Winds coming from the north bring colder air than winds coming from the south or west.
86. A thunderstorm is a severe storm usually with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and strong winds.
87. A tornado is a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud with high winds that comes down from a storm cloud.
88. A hurricane is a large storm that forms over ocean waters. It has very strong rotating winds. The center of the storm is called the eye.
89. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer.
90. Wind direction is measured with a wind vane.
91. The amount of precipitation that falls from a cloud is measured with a rain gauge.
92. Air temperature is measured with a thermometer. You can measure temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
93. The intensity of light is known as brightness.
94. White light is made of all colors mixed together.
95. A prism can be used to separate white light into different colors.
96. All of the colors of a rainbow are called the spectrum.
97. Transparent objects let you see through them easily (e.g., air, glass, and water).
98. Translucent objects let you see through them but not clearly (e.g., wax paper and frosted glass).
99. Light does not pass through opaque materials; therefore, you cannot see through them (e.g., wood, metal, and some plastics).
100. Reflection occurs when light bounces back from a surface.
101. Refraction occurs when light bends as it passes through one transparent material to another.
102. Electricity is a form of energy that can be changed into light, heat, and sound energy.
103. A closed circuit means all parts are connected so the electricity can flow freely.
104. An open circuit means some part of the circuit is not connected so the electricity stops flowing.
105. A parallel circuit has more than one pathway for the electricity to flow.
106. The most common device for opening and closing a circuit is a switch.
107. In a series circuit, the electricity flows through a single, circular path.
108. In a parallel circuit, the electricity flows through more than one path.
109. Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow through them (e.g., metal).
110. Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to flow through them (e.g., plastics and wood).
111. When two magnets with opposite poles (e.g., south pole and north pole) are brought together, they attract.
112. When two like ends of a magnet (e.g., south pole and south pole) are brought together, they repel.
113. Magnets have two poles: south and north.
114. The strength of a magnet is strongest at the poles.
115. An electromagnet is created when electricity is sent through a wire that is wrapped around an iron core, such as a nail.
116. The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of coils of wire, the thickness of the wire, and the number of batteries.
1. The first Americans migrated over the land bridge to North America.
2. Nomads were the first people to inhabit North America, and they moved from place to place in order to find food and water.
3. A civilization is a culture that has well-developed forms of government, religion, and learning.
4. The Indians of the Great Plains used the buffalo for food, clothing, tools and weapons.
5. Pacific Northwest Native Americans lived in wood houses and carved wooden totem poles as part of their religion and in respect for ancestors.
6. Underground rooms in which the Anasazi stored their water for use in dry times were kivas.
7. The Eastern Woodland nations gathered five similar groups into The League of the Iroquois, through which they protected each other and governed themselves.
8. Barter is the direct trade of goods or services.
9. Legends are stories handed down over time to explain the past.
10. A conquered land of many people and places is called an empire.
11. The Vikings were the first European people known to have visited the Americas.
12. Leif Eriksson was a Viking explorer, son of Eric the Red, who explored Finland.
13. The four cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.
14. Lines of latitude run east to west on a globe or map.
15. Lines of longitude run north to south on a globe or map.
16. A cartographer makes maps.
17. A compass is an instrument used to find direction.
18. The line of longitude marked 0 degrees is the Prime Meridian.
19. Henry Hudson was an English explorer who explored the vast lands and waterways of North America.
20. Robert La Salle was a French explorer, known as Sieur La Salle, who explored the entire Mississippi River valley and claimed it for France.
21. John Cabot was a young Italian sailor who sailed for England and discovered present-day Newfoundland.
22. A monarch is a king or queen.
23. Christopher Columbus was a young Italian sailor who convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain that he could find the riches of the East by sailing west. On October 12, 1492, he landed on an island in the Bahamas that he claimed was off the coast of Asia.
24. Ferdinand Magellan was a Spanish sailor whose crew was the first to sail all the way around the world, even though he was killed in the Philippines.
25. The name of our country, “America”, came from the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
26. Conquistadors were Spanish explorers who came to the New World to conquer and gain all the gold and riches in the area.
27. Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for the “Fountain of Youth” when he landed in Florida.
28. The Columbian Exchange was the period of great exchange of products, people, language, culture, foods, and diseases, etc. that took place following the discovery of the New World.
29. Early explorers looked for a water route called the Northwest Passage that would cut through North America to Asia.
30. Roanoke was England’s first attempt at a permanent settlement and is known at the “Lost Colony.”
31. Captain John Smith was an English soldier of fortune who led the first successful English colony in North America, which was Jamestown.
32. The Pilgrims sailed to America for religious freedom.
33. The first example of self-rule in the American colonies was the Mayflower Compact.
34. Maryland was a colony in the New World that was granted to Lord Baltimore in order to provide religious freedom to Catholics.
35. St. Augustine, Florida was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States.
36. Immigrants are people who come to live in a new country after leaving their home country.
37. The most important cash crop to the early English colonies was tobacco.
38. A plantation is a large farm.
39. Middle passage was the term used to describe the horrible conditions the enslaved people endured while crossing the Atlantic to the New World.
40. The country of England ruled the original 13 colonies.
41. Goods brought into a country from other countries are called imports.
42. Goods shipped to other countries to be sold are called exports.
43. Taxes are money paid to the government to run the country.
44. “No taxation without representation” was a protest developed in the colonies because the people felt it was not fair to pay taxes to a government in which they had no voice.
45. The Boston Tea Party was the colonists’ response to the tax on tea.
46. Crispus Attucks, a young black worker, was killed at the Boston Massacre by soldiers who fired on a mob of protestors.
47. A democracy is a government in which the people take part.
48. A group of revolutionaries who wanted the colonists to be free from England was the Sons of Liberty.
49. The Declaration of Independence was the document written mainly by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, officially declaring America’s independence from Britain.
50. Along with Paul Revere, William Dawes made a famous ride in the night to warn the people of Massachusetts that the British were coming.
51. The war in which America fought against Britain in the 1700’s to gain independence is called the Revolutionary War.
52. The fighting that marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War took place in the Massachusetts cities of Lexington and Concord.
53. American colonists who were against the British were called Patriots.
54. George Washington was the leader of the American army during the Revolutionary War.
55. Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense and urged Americans to break away from Britain.
56. Washington’s army spent a terrible winter in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania where many men died or deserted.
57. Martha Washington helped as a nurse and knitted socks and scarves for the soldiers at Valley Forge.
58. Molly Pitcher, Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley, carried water to the soldiers during the battles, and she picked up the ramrod to help fire the cannons after her husband was killed in the fighting.
59. Abigail Adams wrote her husband, John Adams, to remind him that the framers of the Declaration of Independence should “remember the ladies” when they were creating their new country.
60. Tories or Loyalists were American colonists who wanted to stay as a British colony and remain loyal to the English king.
61. The Battle of King’s Mountain took place in northern South Carolina where the Patriot militia held a battle against Major Patrick Ferguson and his band of Tory sympathizers. This great victory for the Patriots was a turning point in the war in favor of the Patriots.
62. Benjamin Franklin was a Philadelphia printer who was also a diplomat for the American colonies to France. He helped convince many who were undecided about the cause of independence at the Continental Congress to vote for freedom from England.
63. John Adams was one of the early leaders in the movement for independence. He helped Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence and later became the second President of the United States.
64. Patrick Henry was a Virginia representative who wanted independence so much that he stood on the floor of the hall in Philadelphia and shouted, “Give me liberty or give me death!”
65. Marquis de Lafayette was a young French nobleman who came to America to help the colonies win their independence from England.
66. Countries that are friends in war are called allies.
67. The American victory at the Battle of Saratoga led France to join America’s side in the Revolutionary War.
68. The Battle of Cowpens took place in the upper part of South Carolina near a place where cattle were kept. It turned out to be an important victory for the Patriots.
69. The Battle of Yorktown proved that the Patriots had won the Revolutionary War.
70. The agreement between the Americans and the British that ended the Revolutionary War was called the Treaty of Paris.
71. A republic is a form of government that allows people to elect their representatives.
72. In a federal system of government, the power and authority are shared by the state and national governments.
73. Anti-federalists were those Americans who wanted a weak central government and more rights for the individual states.
74. The three branches of government are the executive, legislative, and judicial.
75. The first plan of government for the new country after the Revolutionary War was called the Articles of Confederation.
76. The Great Compromise was the plan that decided how each state would be represented in Congress.
77. The first amendment to the Constitution protects freedom of speech.
78. George Washington was the first president of the United States.
79. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights.
80. Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States.
81. The Three-Fifths Compromise was created to please the South, which wanted slaves counted for purposes of representation but not for taxation.
82. Daniel Boone helped settle the West by making Wilderness Road, a path through the Appalachian Mountains into Kentucky.
83. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase and mapped passages through the Rocky Mountains.
84. Sacagawea served as a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.
85. President Thomas Jefferson made a deal with France called the Louisiana Purchase that doubled the size of the United States.
86. The United States fought the War of 1812 to stop Britain’s interference with trade and shipping.
87. The Monroe Doctrine was a plan of action signed in 1823 that declared the United States was willing to go to war to stop any European country from expanding their empires in America.
88. The Industrial Revolution was a time during the late 1700’s and early 1800’s when new inventions changed the way people lived and worked.
89. The Trail of Tears was the name of the long journey that the Cherokee Indians took to Oklahoma after being forced off their land.
90. Manifest Destiny is the belief that the United States was meant to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
91. The Alamo was a small mission outside San Antonio that was the spot chosen by the Americans taking a stand against Santa Anna and his Mexican soldiers in the battle for Texas.
92. The document passed in Congress, despite the objections of Davy Crocket, that meant the Native Americans would lose their homes in the East and be forced to live on reservations in the West was the Indian Removal Act.
93. The southern trail to reach the West was the Santa Fe Trail.
94. The northern trail to reach the West was the Oregon Trail.
95. The act that opened up the West for settlement was the Northwest Ordinance.
96. The Missouri Compromise kept the balance between slave states and free states when Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state.
97. More than 80,000 people headed to California in 1849 looking for gold.
98. The Compromise of 1850 allowed California to come in as a free state and New Mexico and Utah could decide which they preferred.
99. People who wanted to end slavery were called abolitionists.
100. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a book about the cruelty of slavery.
101. Sojourner Truth was a runaway slave from New York who became a leading abolitionist and a speaker against the evils of slavery. She made the famous speech, “Ain’t I a Woman?”
102. William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionist who published a newspaper called The Liberator.
103. Frederick Douglass was a runaway slave who spoke about his life at abolitionist meetings.
104. In the 1840’s, women began to fight for suffrage, or the right to vote.
105. States’ rights and slavery were the two biggest disagreements between northern and southern states in the mid-1800’s.
106. The system of escape routes used by runaway slaves to find freedom was called the Underground Railroad.
107. Harriet Tubman was a famous conductor of the Underground Railroad.
108. John Brown was so opposed to slavery that he led uprisings and revolts against those who held slaves. He led a raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. He was captured, tried, and executed by hanging.
109. The lawyer from Illinois who fought against slavery and later became the 16th President of the United States was Abraham Lincoln.
110. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union when Abraham Lincoln was elected president.
111. The seven states that seceded from the Union were called the Confederacy.
112. The president of the Confederacy was Jefferson Davis.
113. The war that started in 1861 between the northern and southern states was called the Civil War.
114. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
115. Ulysses S. Grant was in command of the Union troops during the Civil War.
116. Robert E. Lee was in command of the Confederate troops during the Civil War.
117. The order freeing the slaves was called the Emancipation Proclamation.
118. The Gettysburg Address was a speech President Lincoln gave in 1863 honoring soldiers who had died and asking Americans to save the “government of the people, by the people, for the people.”
119. General William Sherman led the Union troops in the “March to the Sea,” burning Atlanta and destroying much of Georgia and South Carolina.
120. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia in 1865.
121. President Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed at Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth in 1865.
122. Sharecropping is when a landowner gives a worker a cabin, tools, and seeds and lets him work the land for part of the profit.
123. The time of rebuilding after the Civil War was called Reconstruction.
124. A citizen is a member of a political society who has obligations to and is entitled to protection by and from government.
125. Citizenship is the status of being a member of a state; the member owes allegiance to the state and is entitled to its protection and political rights.