Beyond the Rules: A Teacher’s Guide to A1 (Beginner / Breakthrough)

Positive Forms: I am, You are, He/She/It is, We are, They are.

Negative Forms & Contractions: I am not (I'm not), You are not (You aren't), He is not (He isn't).

Question Forms: Am I...?, Are you...?, Is he...?.

Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

Singular Nouns: A single person, place, or thing (e.g., book, student).

Basic Plural Nouns: Add "-s" or "-es" to make more than one (e.g., books, boxes).

Use 'a': Before a consonant sound (e.g., a car, a university).

Use 'an': Before a vowel sound (e.g., an apple, an hour).

Meaning: Used for one general, non-specific thing.

Singular: this (for something near), that (for something far).

Plural: these (for things near), those (for things far).

Structure: Use with the verb 'to be' (e.g., This is my pen, These are my keys).

Positive Statements: Add "-s" for he/she/it (e.g., I work, She works).

Negative Statements: Use don't or doesn't + base verb (e.g., I don't work, She doesn't work).

Questions: Use Do or Does + subject + base verb (e.g., Do you work?, Does she work?).

Question Words: What, Where, When, Who, Why, How.

Structure with 'be': Question Word + be + subject? (e.g., Where are you?).

Structure with 'do/does': Question Word + do/does + subject + base verb? (e.g., What do you want?).

For Place: in (inside), on (on a surface), at (a specific point).

For Time: at (for clock times), on (for days and dates), in (for months, years, seasons).

A common preposition: under.

Singular: There is is followed by a singular noun (e.g., There is a cat).

Plural: There are is followed by a plural noun (e.g., There are three cats).

With 'some' and 'any': Use some for positive plural statements and any for negatives and questions.

Positive (Ability): Subject + can + base form of the verb (e.g., I can swim).

Negative (No Ability): Subject + can't + base form of the verb (e.g., He can't drive).

The focus can be on vocabulary for different skills (e.g., swim, drive, speak English, cook).