Nature-Nurture Balance: The theorized balance between genetic makeup (i.e. inherited traits and behaviors) and environmental influences (i.e. parental decisions, socioeconomic status, peer relationships).
Executive Functioning: Cognitive processes that assert control over behavior, considering the given external contexts -not fully developed until late adolescence, early adulthood.
Aerobic Fitness: Exercise with a cardiovascular emphasis where the lungs are required to take in more oxygen (i.e. running, jumping rope, swimming, etc.).
Synaptic Plasticity: The ability for neurons to retain and edit synapses (connections) between others, to best suit the most efficient thought process based on relevant information.
Axonal Pruning/Regeneration: The filtering and revival of axons (part of neuron that holds synapses) based on synaptic connections deemed important.
Myelination: Development around part of a neuron (brain cell) that enables a more intense synapse between cells.
Perfusion: The movement of bodily fluids through circulatory systems in the body to a specific organ or tissue location.
Cell Proliferation: The process by which cells reproduce into two genetically-identical daughter cells (allowing for them to be differentiated throughout the body as needed).
Gliogenesis: Production of glial cells, which moderate nerve signals and control neurotransmitters (communication chemicals).
Zone of Proximal Development: Consistent with Vygotsky's work, a domain where one requires appropriate scaffolding in order to achieve a task. Once the task practiced with guidance and can be completed independently, it becomes a skill within one's Zone of Achieved Development.