Areas of Inquiry (AOI)
1. Music for sociocultural and political expression
This area focuses on music that expresses and communicates social and cultural messages, conveys political ideas and/or helps preserve social and cultural traditions.
Examples of relevant musical materials may include the following genres:
Protest songs
Liturgical music (music for worship)
National anthems
2. Music for listening and performance
This area focuses on music that expresses and communicates intrinsic aesthetic values - aims to simply sound good and appeal to an audience simply for that purpose. Such music is sometimes referred to as “absolute music”.
Examples of relevant music materials may include the following genres:
Chamber music of the Western art tradition
Jazz (Bebop, hardbop, gypsy, swing and big band, modal, free jazz, smooth jazz, afro-cuban jazz and much more)
Experimental music
3. Music for dramatic impact, movement and entertainment
This area focuses on music used for dramatic effect, music that supports choreographed movement or dance and/or music that is incidental or intended to purposefully serve as entertainment.
Examples of relevant music materials may include the following genres:
Music for film
Music for ballet
Musical theatre
4. Music technology in the electronic and digital age
This area focuses on music created, performed and/or produced using electronic or digital technologies. Such technologies are an important aspect of contemporary musical experiences, often transforming some of the ways that we understand and engage with music.
Examples of relevant musical materials may include the following genres:
Electronic dance music
Elektronische Musik (translates to 'Electronic Music'. Similar to above but concerned instead with all electronic styles as opposed to the above EDM which is intended for night clubs, raves and festivals and re-played by a DJ. One example would be Kraftwerk who create and perform their own electronic music)
Technology in popular music production
Contexts
Students are required to engage with the diverse nature of music, looking beyond their own contexts to explore music with which they are unfamiliar, and which will broaden both their cultural and musical perspectives. This fosters international-mindedness and encourages the exploration of less familiar musical work to inspire student’s practical work. Three contexts will be used to guide the student’s choice of material:
Personal context
This includes music that has significance to the student, and that they are most familiar with.
Students consider their immediate cultural context and interests that contribute to their emerging musical identity.
Local context
This includes music that has local significance, but that may be unfamiliar to the student.
This can be music from within the student’s local, regional or cultural communities, and may include music that the student is not currently engaged with.
Global context
This includes unfamiliar music from a variety of places, societies and cultures.
This may include music that the student has not connected or engaged with. The music may be from a distant global region but may also include music in closer proximity that has not been previously accessible to the student.
Discussion and joint decision-making between teachers and students is strongly recommended when selecting diverse musical material to be studied.
Students’ engagement with diverse musical material will be evidenced in the work submitted for assessment.
This mnemonic device is a simple way of remembering the elements, form and context when listening, analyzing or writing a piece of music. Often candidates forget to write about the context, and this little device is a great way to remind yourself that you have covered some of the significant analysis.
Me – Melody
Me – Meter (incl Rhythm)
Ha – Harmony
Me – Medium
Fo – Form
Sty – Style
Co – Context
Also Add in:
Tex - Texture
Instruments - Instrumentation
Dyna - Dynamics
Mo - More!
PROS:
1) A way to provide a basic outline for your analysis
2) Reminds candidate to include contextual and stylistic information
3) Includes majority of the elements
CONS:
1) Missing important categories of musical terms like TEXTURE, not to mention dynamics, articulations, etc.
2) Candidates may spend the majority of their time on the first one “ME” or “melody”, and reduce word count to write about structure and other elements.
Expanding on “ME-ME-HA-ME-FO-STY-CO”
MELODY
Range - narrow, medium, wide
Shape - wave, ascending, descending
Movement - conjunct/disjunct, wide leaps
Contour/Range
Prominent Intervals
Phrases - symmetrical, asymmetrical, balanced, unbalanced
Inversion/Retrograde
Imitation/Sequence (melodic)
Cadences
Motive
Motive Transformation
Hocket
Ostinatos (melodic)
Embellishments
METER
Nonmetric
Simple/Compound/Complex
Duple/Triple
Changing
Additive or changing meters
Rhythm
Articulation
Polyrhythms
Syncopation - off beats
Ostinato (rhythmic)
Hemiola
Motivic
Melismatic
Sequences (rhythmic)
Frequent Values
Anacrusis
HARMONY
Chords - major, minor, diminished, augmented
Triads
Intervals
Tonic, Dominant, etc
Diatonic/Chromatic/Modal
Chord Analysis
12-Tone Serial Composition
Planing - parallel chords
Pedal Point/Drone
Dissonance/Consonance
Modulation
Scales:Major/Minor, Blues, Whole Tone, Pentatonic, Slendro, Pelog
MEDIUM
Orchestral, Band, Chamber, Vocal, etc
Instrumentation
FORM
Binary AB Ternary ABA
Sonata Cycle Form = FOUR movements form
Exposition/Development/Recap = Sonata Allegro Form
Verse/Refrain (or Chorus)
Theme/Variations
Minuet/Trio
Rondo (or Rondeau)
Concerto
Symphony
Through-Composed
12-Tone Serial Composition
Da Capo
Aria
Improvisation
Cyclical Structure
Blues Form
Passacaglia
Cadenza
STYLE
Use your judgement
CONTEXT
Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th C.
Type of World Culture
Fusion of what styles?
Location – Country Influences
Function – where and why would it be played?
Composer
Language of lyrics
...and
TEXTURE
Monophonic/Biphonic/Homophonic/Polyphonic/Heterophonic
Contrapuntal
Dense/sparse
Chordal
Soloistic
Timbre
DYNAMICS
Dynamics
Diminuendo/Decrescendo
DEVELOPMENT DEVICES
Augmentation/Diminution
Variation
Extension
Canon
Other