The Day-to-day life of people with DID is much harder due to the common symptoms of dissociation, emotional mood swings and mental health isssues, this deeply affects the lives people with DID, their relationships and work.
However, these symptoms can be better managed and alleviated.
Keeping a diary or journal consistently may help identify the emotional triggers and may make it easier to fill in memory gaps within alters
Creating a schedule and maintaining it may lead to less levels of stress and confusion as there is predictability and more structure in a person's life.
Practicing mindfulness daily will help alleviate the stress and anxiety symtpoms that people with DID suffer, it also helps individuals alleviate dissociative episodes and feel more grounded in reality.
Because DID is deeply rooted and correlated to intense trauma at an early age and coexists with other mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression it is important to address these symptoms so as to minimize them. Strategies to prevent the disorder from getting more stressful include the following.
It is important to communicate with a mental health professional, this creates a reliable support system to ward off against distressing symptoms.
Many people with DID develop substance use disorder as a way to cope against stress, however it is important building healthier coping strategies, including mindfulness and emotional regulation techniques.
Learning more about DID and understanding the mechanics of DID helps patients better understand their own experiences and reduces feelings of confusion, shame and self hatred.
The complexity of DID requires effective and multifaceted strategies that address all parts of the disorder, although DID can not be "cured" it is through pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy that can people better cope with DID.
Although there are no evidence based therapy guidelines that work specifically for DID due to a lack of systematic research of DID, therapy still aims to reduce the stressful symptoms of DID, as well as working to treat other co-occurring mental illnesses that happen along with DID such as depression and C-PTSD.
Coming from the behavioural perspective of psychology, CPT is a type of cognitive behavioural therapy that aims to treat PTSD symptoms specifically.
This can be used too for people struggling with DID as many are also facing PTSD symptoms.
Cognitive Processing Therapy works by changing thought patterns and learning of new ways to cope with distressful emotions, in this manner can those with DID improve emotionally through insight.
Psychotherapy comes from the psychoanalytical perspective of psychology that aims to alleviate trauma by discovering the root causes of repressed childhood trauma.
In this type of therapy, the goal is to unify the different alters into one person, and this is done by letting the different alters communicate their recollected traumatic experiences, as the therapist works on making the core identity process the trauma.
Although biological therapies themselves are not enough to aid with treating DID as it does not address the root causes of trauma, they still help a long way with being able to reduce the distressing physical symptoms of mental illness and be able to communicate their experiences with a trusted consultant for better care.
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Medication is often used to treat the comorbid symptoms occurring with DID, such as depression and anxiety, thus patients are given antidepressants and antipsychotics to stabilize mood and aid in reducing distressing symptoms
Antidepressants reduce symptoms of depression such as persistent sadness and loss of interest in everyday activities by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, however it comes with its side effects, such as sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleep), and withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, headaches and mood swings. There is also the risk of tolerance where patients need more and more pills so the pill could work effectively, making it harder to withdraw.
The different perceptions of mental health, including stigmatizing beliefs from certain cultures and ethnic backgrounds can influence the treatment and effectiveness of treatment procedures on people with DID.
In some cultures, the perception of how alters switch is not seen as a psychological disorder, rather as possession or different spiritual states, this can affect the access to treatment and how DID symptoms are expressed
Although there are more cases of DID report in first world countries than in third world countries, it is understood that there are in fact more DID occurrences in third world countries than perceived due to higher rates of poverty and crime, dissociative episodes are in fact a woldwide phenomenon and have been recognized in all continents.
Many studies have proven that within the many cultures of the world, episodes of dissociation and alter switching which is recognized as possessions, for example "Djinnati" in Pakistan and Iran, a possession syndrome that entails traumatic experiences, changes in speech, language and rhythm, memory lapses and other symptoms not only is eerily similar to DID symptoms, but also its prevalence in these areas is the same as in the United States, which is around 0.5 to 1%.
The skepticisim following DID, in many cultures where DID is at times believed to be a fake and attention seeking disoder hinders the ability for those suffering of DID to express their experiences or feel valid, thus hindering the results of treatment, in western media this is further emphasized as the media uses DID as a tool for villain plot development instead of recognizing and spreading awareness of it.
With all of these considerations in mind, it is important for therapists to recognize how different cultural backgrounds may affect the expression of DID, and adapt the treatments to such cultural practices, for example cultural values, beliefs and supoprt systems can be used to lay a groundwork for helping those with DID into a better treatment plan. Therapists should also recognize stigmatizing beliefs and re-educate clients and families, so as to gain a better understanding of the problem, fostering better relationships within families and a better expression of communication, all of these factors combined help reach a more effective treatment.
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