Linear motion is the movement when something goes in a straight line. This is the most common one since this type of motion is everywhere. Some examples in real life are a train moving on a straight track or an object dropping from a height.

Rotary motion is a movement that moves in a circle or rotates around a fixed point/ fulcrum. This is very common in machines and can be seen a lot in day to day life. This motion is seen in wheels on a bus, gears in a machines or a driving wheel.

Reciprocating motion is the movement that repeatedly goes back and forth. It is most commonly seen in machinery with pistons since the piston can make the reciprocating motion by using a wheel.

Oscillating motion is a movement that rotates around a fixed point or a fulcrum and it constantly repeats itself in equal intervals. This is seen in real life in devices like pendulums or metronomes.