Cell division is the foundation of existence, as it is the only way for life to grow, repair, and reproduce. Its core principle is to create two new cells, each with a complete copy of the genetic information. Without this fundamental principle, heredity—and therefore development and evolution—would not be possible on Earth. The process of chromosome segregation is the most mechanically demanding phase of the cell cycle. It requires active movement of all internal contents in cells. It aims for error-free distribution of chromosomes but involves hundreds of distinct components that must be precisely regulated in time and space. Due to its structural complexity, we are still far from a complete understanding of how this intricate system functions.
Credit: A. Dammermann
Credit: Heald et Walczak., 2008
Self-assembly proceeds by condensation of proteins around centrioles, generating a more concentrated liquid droplet from less concentrated cytoplasm.
Credit: Rale et al., 2018
The biomechanical basis for the centrosome's resilience—a property essential for maintaining spindle integrity—is not yet understood.
AFM probes centrosome topography and stiffness by measuring its reaction to touch