Throughout history, the concept of teaching and learning has evolved significantly. In ancient times, education was often limited with knowledge being passed down from generation to generation through oral tradition. However, as societies progressed, so did their understanding of teaching and learning. In pre-modern times, there was a prevailing belief that education should focus on memorization and rote learning. Students were expected to absorb information without questioning or critically analyzing it, in other words during those times it is more focus on traditional  approach on which it is merely a Teacher-centered learning. This approach was rooted in the idea that knowledge was absolute and unchanging. Additionally, there was a strong emphasis on discipline and obedience in the classroom. Teachers were seen as authority figures who imparted knowledge while students passively received it. The teacher-student relationship was hierarchical, with little room for collaboration or student autonomy. However, as educational theories developed over time, these pre-beliefs began to be challenged. The advent of modernity brought about a shift towards more progressive approaches to teaching and learning. Educators like John Dewey advocated for active learning methods that encouraged critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Today, we recognize that teaching is not simply about transmitting information but rather fostering an environment where students can construct their own knowledge through inquiry-based learning. Collaboration between teachers and students is encouraged to create a more inclusive classroom dynamic.

Teaching and learning are two intertwined processes that shape the educational experience. As an educator, my beliefs on teaching and learning have evolved over time, influenced by personal experiences, research, and professional development. I firmly believe that every student has the potential to learn and succeed if provided with the right environment, support, and guidance. In recent years, there has been a shift in beliefs regarding teaching and learning based on field study observations. Traditionally, the focus was primarily on the teacher as the sole authority figure in the classroom. However, post-beliefs now emphasize a more student-centered approach to education. Observations have shown that students learn best when they are actively engaged in the learning process. This has led to a greater emphasis on student participation and collaboration in classrooms. Teachers are encouraged to create interactive lessons that encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, field study observations have highlighted the importance of differentiated instruction. Not all students learn at the same pace or through the same methods. Teachers must adapt their teaching strategies to meet individual student needs and provide personalized learning experiences. Besides, field study observations have shed light on the significance of creating a positive classroom environment. Students thrive when they feel safe, respected, and valued by their teachers and peers. Building strong relationships with students is crucial for fostering a supportive learning community.