SCHEDULE

The school will start at 13:20 on Monday and end at 12:00 on Friday.

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ABSTRACT

Anna Nierenberg

Title: 

Strong gravitational lensing tests of dark matter.

Abstract: 

I will give an overview of our current understanding of dark matter and several major classes of dark matter candidates that are being studied. I will explain how these dark matter candidates can be distinguished via small-scale structure tests. I will provide an introduction to gravitational lensing formalism and demonstrate how strong gravitational lensing can be used as a tool to distinguish between different dark matter models. This series will include an overview of the current state of the field as well as hands on examples with widely used strong gravitational lensing software.

Tutorial:

https://github.com/amn3142/RESCEU_dm 

Otto Hannuksela

Title:

Lensing of gravitational waves

Abstract:

Gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime, can be gravitationally lensed by intervening massive objects. A growing scientific consensus suggests that gravitational-wave lensing will be observed soon as the planned detector upgrades are implemented. In this lecture I introduce the basics of gravitational-wave lensing searches, parameter estimation, and forecasts, with a focus on practical applications.

Tutorial:

https://github.com/gravityhub-org/resceuschool 

Paz Beniamini

Title: Gamma-Ray Bursts: Relativistic Jets with a messy beginning, but a well understood evolution. 

Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts remain the most luminous explosions in the universe, and much of what we securely know about them follows from arguments that fit on a blackboard. I will start from the compactness problem, which forces ultra-relativistic motion, and build up through the self-similar dynamics of the afterglow blast wave and the synchrotron spectrum to the closure relations that underpin our confidence in the standard picture. With those foundations, I will turn to unsettled topics: the prompt emission mechanism and the fast-cooling problem, the composition and dissipation physics of the jet, how jets are launched and how they escape their progenitors, and the origin of the shock microphysics parameters we routinely fit but do not derive. I will close by arguing that polarimetry, broadband time-resolved spectroscopy, and a larger joint gravitational-wave sample are the observations most likely to break the current degeneracies. 

Title: Tidal Disruption Events: Stars, Black Holes, and the Problem of Losing Energy

Abstract: When a star wanders too close to a massive black hole, tidal forces tear it apart, and the debris produces a luminous flare lasting months to years. Remarkably, the central scalings of the problem - the tidal radius, the Hills mass above which the star is swallowed whole, the characteristic fallback timescale, and the lightcurve decay rate - all follow from elementary arguments, which we will derive. The same is true of the loss-cone estimate that sets the event rate. I will then confront the picture with what the growing observed sample actually shows: emission radii far larger than the black hole, a puzzling division between optical and X-ray bright events, a strong preference for post-starburst hosts, and radiated energies orders of magnitude below the available budget. I will discuss the leading explanations for each, the physics of circularization and why relativistic precession controls it, and the recent connection to quasi-periodic eruptions. Finally, I will argue that ultraviolet time-domain coverage and early-time observations are what the field most urgently lacks.

Title: Fast Radio Bursts: Coherent Emission Across the Universe

Abstract: Fast radio bursts are millisecond flashes of radio emission from cosmological distances, and a simple estimate of their brightness temperature - around 10^(36) K - tells us immediately that the emission must be coherent, placing them outside the standard radiative toolkit of high-energy astrophysics. I will develop what is now firmly established: their extragalactic origin and the resulting dispersion-measure probe of the cosmic baryon distribution, the direct link to magnetars established by the Galactic burst, the diversity of host environments, and the energy budget constraints that any repeating source model must satisfy. I will then examine the central open question of the emission mechanism, contrasting magnetospheric and relativistic shock scenarios and showing how efficiency arguments and propagation constraints can be used to discriminate between them analytically. I will also discuss progenitor channels and the origin of periodic activity. I close with the observations - high-time-resolution polarimetry and localizations at scale - that would be most decisive.

Ryuichiro Kitano

Title:

Physics beyond the Standard Model

Abstract:

The Universe tells us that we need beyond the Standard Model physics. I will try to summarize what we need and what to look for.

Akito Kusaka

Title: New Eyes on the Hidden Universe  --- Quantum Sensing Searches for Axion Dark Matter and GHz Gravitational Waves

Abstract: Dark matter is known to exist, yet its identity remains unknown; the axion, a well-motivated candidate, may appear in the laboratory as a faint, nearly monochromatic wave at GHz frequencies. Gravitational waves at GHz, by contrast, have no known astrophysical sources, and any detection would open a window onto the very early universe. Although the physics behind these two questions is entirely different, both can be searched for with the same chain of instruments: conversion in magnetic fields or spins, resonant enhancement in cavities, and ultra-sensitive microwave readout. This lecture introduces the principles of these searches for non-specialists, and explains how quantum technologies, now reaching and surpassing the standard quantum limit, are giving us new eyes on the hidden universe.

Kotaro Kohno

Title:

From Cosmic Dawn to the Cosmic Web : Galaxy Evolution in the Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Universe

Abstract:

How did galaxies assemble their gas, metals, dust, and central black holes, and how did their environments influence this evolution? Radio, millimeter, and submillimeter observations provide unique access to cold gas, dust-obscured star formation, far-infrared cooling lines, relativistic jets, and the hot gas in forming galaxy clusters.

I will first discuss how ALMA and JWST together are transforming our view of galaxies in the first few hundred million years of cosmic history. Examples include the ALMA detection of [O III] 88 um emission from JADES-GS-z14-0 at z=14.18, as well as ongoing deep searches for dust emission from galaxies at z>10, which provide new constraints on the earliest production of cosmic dust and obscured star formation. I will also present ALMA constraints on HF absorption in a lensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6.02, using cosmic fluorine as a probe of nucleosynthesis and past star-formation activity.

I will then turn to galaxy evolution in dense environments, highlighting the protocluster SPT2349-56 at z=4.3, where the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect reveals a nascent intracluster medium with more thermal energy than expected from gravitational heating alone, possibly indicating early AGN pre-heating. The growth and impact of supermassive black holes will be explored through ALMA and JWST observations of distant quasars and VLA and LOFAR studies of radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars.

Finally, I will discuss prospects with SKA and submm-wave on-chip superconducting imaging-spectrograph. Line intensity mapping of [C II] 158 um and [O III] 88 um emission, particularly in cross-correlation with SKA 21-cm observations, offers a new way to connect galaxies, interstellar gas, and large-scale structure during cosmic reionization. I will also highlight future submillimeter searches for redshifted pure-rotational H2 emission, which may provide direct access to energetically important warm molecular gas and its cooling in the first galaxies and overdense regions at cosmic dawn.

Ryosuke Sugimoto

Title:

Development of Gravitational-Wave Detectors for Observations in the 0.1 Hz Band

Abstract:

Since the first detection of gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO in 2015, the global network of ground based gravitational wave detectors, including LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA, has reported more than 200 events to date. These signals lie primarily in the approximately 10–1000 Hz frequency band and originate mainly from compact binary systems consisting of stellar mass black holes and neutron stars. These observations have provided unprecedented insights and helped establish gravitational wave astronomy.

Meanwhile, at lower frequencies—particularly around 0.1 Hz—we anticipate a wealth of new scientific opportunities, including early detection of binary inspirals, detection of intermediate mass black hole binaries, and ultimately observations of primordial gravitational waves. However, the sensitivity of current ground based detectors at low frequencies is limited mainly by terrestrial noise. To overcome this limitation, space based gravitational wave detectors are being planned, while there are also plans to achieve high sensitivity at low frequencies on the ground using approaches different from those of conventional detectors.

In this talk, I will introduce detector development efforts toward observations in the 0.1 Hz band from the perspectives of both space based and ground based detectors.