My research began with understanding the basic definitions of aerobic and anaerobic exercise, but quickly expanded into analyzing how these systems affect cardiovascular function. I read peer-reviewed studies from medical journals, evaluated long-term population data on mortality, and studied how scientists measure VO₂ max and training intensity. I compared different training methods and analyzed which ones had the strongest evidence for preventing cardiovascular disease. 

Throughout this project, I discovered how interconnected the body’s systems are. Oxygen delivery, mitochondrial density, stroke volume, heart-rate zones, and lactate threshold all work together during exercise. Aerobic activity increases mitochondrial efficiency and strengthens the heart, while anaerobic activity improves metabolism and muscle function. Understanding these mechanisms helped me appreciate why certain exercises are more protective against cardiovascular disease than others. 

This project changed the way I train and the way I think about fitness. I began paying attention to Zone 2 training, monitoring my heart rate, and tracking the difference between feeling “in shape” and actually improving cardiovascular efficiency. Learning how measurable VO₂ max is, and how even small improvements can add days or months to life expectancy, made me realize how powerful consistent cardiovascular training can be.