The realities of war came to a head with the end of WWI. With millions of displaced persons in Europe and the Middle East, the newly formed League of Nations had to take action. They were particularly concerned with stateless people.

1. How did the end of WWI create "stateless people"? Find the answer.

2. What kind of problems were created by this crisis? Find the answer.

In 1914, the warring states of Italy, Germany, and France were the first to make passports mandatory. A measure rapidly followed by others, including neutral states such as Spain and Denmark. At the end of the war, obligatory passports became widespread.

1. What purpose did passports serve? Find the answer.

2. How were passports used to help stateless peoples? Find the answer.

WWI transformed humanitarian relief. The magnitude of the conflict, the extent of civilian suffering, particularly in occupied areas, and the destruction and consequences after the end of hostilities accelerated the rationalization of humanitarian relief.

1. What new humanitarian efforts emerged during WWI? Find the answer.