• SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 

• You need to know the general structures of plant and animal cells and how plant and animal cells are alike and different. 

• You need to know the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and how they are alike and different. 

• You need to know how the structure relates to the function for the components of plant or animals cells. Structures you need to know are the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, ribosomes, flagella, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes, and cilia

• You need to understand the role of the cell membrane as a highly selective barrier that carries out passive and active transport.

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. lysosome

B. mitochondrion

C. nucleus

D. ribosome

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell? 

A. passive transport by diffusion

B. active transport using ATP 

C. passive transport by osmosis

D. phagocytosis

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

A. bacteria

B. only animal cells

C. protists

D. both plant and animal cells

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

A. they are unicellular

B. they are prokaryotic

C. they produce seeds

D. they are autotrophic

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? 

A. ribosome - protein synthesis

B. mitochondrion - movement

C. vacuole - cell division

D. nucleus - storage of nutrients

The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. 

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure? 

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.

B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.

C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.

D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution. 

The diagram below represents a cell. 

Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins? 

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Which of these best completes this concept map? 

A. an animal cell

B. a prokaryotic cell

C. a virus

D. a plant cell

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

A. perforated

B. semi-permeable

C. non-conductive

D. permeable

1. Correct answer: D. ribosome

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. They do contain ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis.

2. Correct answer: B. active transport using ATP 

Active transport requires ATP and is used when solutes need to move against a concentration gradient.

3. Correct answer: D. both plant and animal cells

Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have DNA (genetic material) contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.

4. Correct answer: D. they are autotrophic

Almost all plants produce their own food using photosynthesis.

5. Correct answer: A. ribosome - protein synthesis

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found both on the rough Endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm.

6. Correct answer: D. D

Structure A is the nucleus, Structure B is the cell membrane, Structure C is a vacuole and Structure D is a chloroplast. The chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place converting solar energy into sugars that are then converted to energy in the form of ATP.

7. Correct answer: D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

The salt water solution is hypertonic to the cells of the gums. It contains a higher concentration of solute (salt) and a lower concentration of water. Water from inside the cells of the gums moves down the concentration gradient and out of the cells.

8. Correct answer: B. 2

Structure 1 is a mitochondrion, Structure 2 is a ribosome, Structure 3 is the cell membrane and Structure 4 is the nucleus.

9. Correct answer: D. a plant cell

Plant cells have a rigid coat of cellulose, which animal cells do not have.

10. Correct answer: B. semi-permeable

A semi-permeable membrane allows some, but not all, molecules and ions to pass through.