University of Santo Tomas (UST)

• Studied Philosophy and Letters, then Medicine

• José Rizal enrolled in the course "Philosophy and Letters" at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in 1877, and one of the reasons was that it was a common preparatory course for many professions at that time — not necessarily because it was the only one offered, but because it was one of the most accessible and recommended paths for students who were undecided or still preparing for professional degrees (like law, medicine, or the priesthood).

• José Rizal did not complete his medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas (UST). Rizal studied at UST from 1877 to 1882, initially taking Philosophy and Letters, then later shifting to Medicine to help his mother who was going blind. However, due to frustration with the educational system, racial discrimination, and a desire for broader academic freedom, he did not complete his medical degree at UST.

• Experienced discrimination from Spanish friars

• José Rizal did not enjoy his stay at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) because he noted that they often looked down on indios (native Filipinos) and favored Spanish or mestizo students, regardless of merit. Rizal’s experience of being belittled and ignored despite his intelligence fostered his awareness of systemic injustice. Classes often relied on rote memorization and dogmatic instruction, lacking intellectual freedom or critical thinking.

• José Rizal did not perform as exceptionally at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) compared to his stellar record in Ateneo. Because, Rizal initially enrolled in Philosophy and Letters, a course more aligned with his love for the humanities. The Dominican teaching style discouraged open discussion and critical thinking — the opposite of what Rizal valued. While at UST, Rizal was growing into adolescence — naturally, he became more involved in social life, friendships, and even experienced early romantic interests (e.g., Segunda Katigbak)