The purpose of this study was to examine if co-teaching is an effective strategy of Purposeful Co-Teaching for students with Individualized Educational Program (IEP), English Language Learners (ELL), Tier II and III Intervention students, and Gifted and Talented (GT) Students. Specifically, students in the general education classroom for grade levels kindergarten to fifth grade.
For the purpose of this study Purposeful Co-Teaching will be defined as “a model of co-teaching designed to increase inclusion and effective teaching practices to meet the needs of all students within the general education classroom.”
Students engaged in purposeful co-teaching
Students engaged in purposeful co-teaching
Students generalized what teachers have model through co-teaching to present information to the class
Students preparing for the Kentucky State Assessment
Before I joined CTEPS, I was at a breaking point. After working with the district for five years as a special education teacher and two years as a classroom teacher, I was just about done with teaching. Each day felt like a constant battle as I advocated for each and every student to receive the best education possible. Despite my efforts, I was still unable to utilize the full potential of the supports we have in place for our students. I left my special education position and became a classroom teacher with the goal of facilitating the kind of co-teaching I felt our students deserved. Even this felt like a failure. Two years passed and I didn’t have any special education students in my classroom. After each deliberate effort, I ended up back in special education without warning, and back to butting heads with other educators to provide meaningful co-teaching instruction for my students.
How could I continue to sit by and watch the system systematically fail students, and teachers? I began one last search for a classroom teacher position with the district. I was fortunate to find one. While I was looking I also came across the Deeper Learning initiative with Action Research. When I obtained the new classroom position I immediately applied to be a part of the Action Research with a focus on Purposeful Co-Teaching. I knew I could make a difference and began to feel hopeful once again.
When the 2024-2025 school year started, I began to prepare for my purposeful co-teaching journey. At first, it felt like I had bitten off more than I could chew. I wanted to launch my co-teaching plan on a full scale, but that was not an attainable goal. Launching a full school co-teaching plan would have been a systematic overhaul, teachers would need training, master schedules would need to be changed, and most importantly teachers would have needed to buy in with a moment's notice. A smaller focus was needed. So, I narrowed my focus to one content area, reading. During my whole group reading block I had two co-teachers that overlapped for a 20 minute period. This was my time. I worked with my co-teachers to design mini lessons that dug deeper into the learning that was already happening. We divided the class into three heterogeneous groups and utilized a Station Teaching approach. The focus of my station was to dig deeper into the standard we were learning. My EL co-teacher’s station covered a deep dive into the language and grammar we were learning. My special education teacher’s station covered a deep dive into vocabulary and context clues. These stations allowed me to teach each lesson to my class and time for extended practice in small groups. Not only did this approach meet the depth of each standard, it effectively provided the opportunity to add two hundred minutes a week of instruction for each student.
As teachers we always need more time. And this is a way to add that time, for free. We have the human resources to meet the needs of all students. We need to make time for meaningful planning because purposeful co-teaching is the key for success to all teachers and students.
64% of teachers use the Station Teaching model. This is also the model I utilized with my students and co-teachers.
95% of teachers believe that all students benefit from a co-taught classroom.
100% of teachers use the one-teach one-assist model. However, it is recommended that this be used sparingly.
Students in the study class made eighty-five percent of our projected annual growth. Students who were on or above grade level maintained their progress. Students who were two or more years below grade level increased their overall reading comprehension.
Barriers to purposeful co-teaching were co-teacher attendance and non-school days due to inclement weather. Teacher attendance was heavily affected in the Winter and Spring due to student testing schedules. In the Winter and Spring there was a loss of twenty of eighty-five days of Station teaching during co-teaching because of weather and testing schedules. This is a total of one calendar month of co-teaching instruction. Consideration for future co-teaching opportunities should include scheduling of teachers to protect co-teaching times.
The most utilized co-teaching model was one teach one assist. The Kentucky Department of Education states “This approach is the most commonly overused, and should be used sparingly” (Kentucky Department of Education Division of Learning Services, June 2011). Overall, the data suggests that more training and time to plan with co-teachers is needed for all teachers in order to provide more purposeful co-teaching. The data also suggests that time for co-teaching be protected in order to limit loss of instructional time.
Next, steps include implementing co-teaching models schoolwide and reassessing student outcomes and teacher perceptions, providing common planning time for co-teachers to be able to plan effective and rigorous lessons.
Inside a School That Doesn’t Single Out Students With Special Needs
By Caitlynn Peetz — April 14, 2024
This article discusses how a school with one hundred percent inclusion. The results are a positive culture for learning and educator retention.
A quantitative study utilizing a survey-questionnaire method was designed to examine if teachers perceived co-teaching as an effective strategy to include students with IEPs, ELLs, intervention students, and GT students; a total of 19 participants in the study with nine general educators, six special educators, two Intervention/English Language Teacher, one Afterschool Program Coordinator, and one Special Area teacher. A quantitative study was also conducted to include data from a fourth grade classroom that utilized a Purposeful Co-Teach model and compared to a classroom without a co-teaching model.
This study was limited to one classroom, one subject, and one school. To gather more data from other classrooms and students, as well as teachers, would further provide evidence that purposeful co-teaching is a worth while approach to all learners.
I would also like to collect data on student perceptions of co-teaching and how they feel it impacts their learning.