In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant interest from both academia and industry owing to their high-power conversion efficiency approaching that of commercialized silicon solar cells. Currently, one demand for the commercialization of PSCs is the development of a scalable fabrication process for mass production of large-area PSC modules. Perhaps due to a relatively cost-effective setup and tunable fabrication processes, the vast majority of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of solution-based scalable processes. Comparatively, vacuum thermal evaporation processes have not been studied in-depth, regardless of their advantages in reproducibility, scalability, extendable applications, safety, and toxicity.
Our group is developing single and tandem junction PSCs prepared by all vacuum processes.