Working papers:
Working papers:
"Intergenerational time transfer, retirement and public pensions"
This paper develops an overlapping generations model with intergenerational transfers of time in the form of grandparenting and pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system. The introduction of time transfer allows taking into account child care responsibilities. Under the situation of population ageing, a fall in the fertility rate leads to not only a reduction in contributions to the pension system but also lower childcare responsibilities that increase life-cycle income. Hence, the impacts of demographic changes on old labor decisions and pensions need to be re-examined. I find that in developed countries with low fertility rate and small pension system, a fall in fertility rate reduces working time in old age. Consequently, population ageing due to a lower fertility rate always decreases pensions. On the other hand, for developing countries with high fertility rate and developed countries with low fertility rate but large pension system, a decrease in fertility rate reduces retirement age. In these countries, pensions will increase if retirement is elastic to changes in fertility. In all cases, longer life expectancy increases pensions if retirement is relatively inelastic to changes in longevity.
Keywords: Intergenerational transfer, pension system, retirement age, population ageing.
JEL codes: H55, J22, J26
"The effects of grandparents' childcare on mothers' labor supply and earnings"
Childcare arrangements are key in mothers’ employment decisions. It is a fundamental determinant of whether mothers are partially free from childcare responsibility to participate in the labor force and provide more hours worked. In this paper, I focus on a particular kind of informal childcare, the one provided by grandparents, and its important role in increasing mothers' hours worked and reducing the gender earning gaps. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 with fixed effects and instrumental variables estimations, I found positive and significant effects of grandparents' childcare on mothers' participation in the labor force, working mothers' hours and earnings. Moreover, employing Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, I show that the earnings of mothers with grandparents' childcare are significantly higher (22.75%) than those without grandparents' childcare. The use of grandparents' childcare increases mothers' earnings not only due to an increase in hours worked but also to the choices for higher-paid occupations. Finally, studying the sample of married mothers and fathers, I find that the gender earning gap is smaller when grandparents' childcare is used.
Keywords: Childcare, grandparenting, female labor supply, gender earning gap.
JEL codes: J13, J16, J22
"Child policies and married female labor force participation: A cross-country analysis"
Married female labor force participation (LFP) rates varied widely across seven OECD countries in 2004. To understand these differences, this paper studies the cross-country role of family and child policies, e.g., child-related tax credits, family/child benefits, and childcare subsidies. I construct a heterogeneous agent model populated by married households. Households differ by age and educational attainment levels of their members. They decide whether to have a newborn and then whether the second earner, the wife, should participate in the labor market. I find that the low married female LFP rates in Japan and Ireland compared to the United States (U.S.) are explained 60% by differences in welfare programs. Sweden's high married female LFP rate is defined by its generous childcare subsidies that account for about 40% of the difference from the U.S. Denmark is also a country with a high married female LFP rate. Differences in these policies between the U.S. and Denmark only explain nearly 30%, in which welfare and childcare programs contribute equally.
Keywords: Female labor supply, Child-related Policies, Childcare.
JEL codes: E62, H24, H31
Nguyen, Q. N., Aboura, S., Chevallier, J., Zhang, L., & Zhu, B. (2020). Local Gaussian correlations in financial and commodity markets. European Journal of Operational Research, 285(1), 306-323.
Nguyen, Q. N., Bedoui, R., Majdoub, N., Guesmi, K., & Chevallier, J. (2020). Hedging and safe-haven characteristics of Gold against currencies: An investigation based on multivariate dynamic copula theory. Resources Policy, 68, 101766.