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Guiding Question: Will students ever infer or generate hypotheses without clear modeling of the process?
Guiding Question: Will students ever infer or generate hypotheses without clear modeling of the process?
Provide mini lessons to help students better understand the individual steps of each type of task, how to develop a reasonable hypothesis, or how to write a good explanation of their conclusions.
Provide mini lessons to help students better understand the individual steps of each type of task, how to develop a reasonable hypothesis, or how to write a good explanation of their conclusions.
When asking students to use an inductive approach to generating and testing hypotheses, design a set of learning experiences that provide sufficient and suitable opportunities for students to infer accurate and appropriate principles to create ideas. Check students understanding with formative assessments to ensure that the learning experiences did not reinforce misconceptions.
When asking students to use an inductive approach to generating and testing hypotheses, design a set of learning experiences that provide sufficient and suitable opportunities for students to infer accurate and appropriate principles to create ideas. Check students understanding with formative assessments to ensure that the learning experiences did not reinforce misconceptions.
To increase motivation and interest, involve students in designing their own tasks and contributing to the development of rubrics for explaining their hypotheses and conclusion. Provide students with choices about how they are grouped, the types of jobs they will complete, and their methods to explain their results.
To increase motivation and interest, involve students in designing their own tasks and contributing to the development of rubrics for explaining their hypotheses and conclusion. Provide students with choices about how they are grouped, the types of jobs they will complete, and their methods to explain their results.
Teach the underlying structure for each of the cognitive processes (i.e., systems analysis, problem-solving, experimental inquiry, investigation) to help students carry out the process's steps and recognize which situations are best suited to each.
Teach the underlying structure for each of the cognitive processes (i.e., systems analysis, problem-solving, experimental inquiry, investigation) to help students carry out the process's steps and recognize which situations are best suited to each.
Systems analysis
Systems analysis
System analysis is the process of analyzing the parts of a system and how they interact. The steps in the process of systems analysis are:
System analysis is the process of analyzing the parts of a system and how they interact. The steps in the process of systems analysis are:
- Explain the purpose of the system, the features of the system, and each part's function.
- Describe how the factors affect one another.
- Identify a part of the system, describe a change in that part, and then hypothesize what would happen due to this change.
- When possible, test your hypothesis by actually changing the part or by using a simulation to change the part.
Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Problem-solving involves overcoming constraints or limiting conditions that are in the way of achieving goals. The steps in problem-solving include the following:
Problem-solving involves overcoming constraints or limiting conditions that are in the way of achieving goals. The steps in problem-solving include the following:
- Identify the goal you are trying to accomplish.
- Describe the barriers or constraints that are preventing you from achieving your goal or are creating the problem.
- Identify different solutions for overcoming the barriers or constraints and hypothesize which answer is likely to work.
- Try your solution, either in reality or through a simulation.
- Explain whether your hypothesis was correct. Determine if you want to test another hypothesis using a different solution. In some cases, this may involve building or designing an invention.
Experimental inquiry
Experimental inquiry
Experimental inquiry is the process of generating and testing explanations of observed phenomena. The steps in experimental inquiry include the following:
Experimental inquiry is the process of generating and testing explanations of observed phenomena. The steps in experimental inquiry include the following:
- Observe something of interest to you and describe what you observe.
- Apply specific theories or rules to what you have observed.
- Based on your explanation, generate a hypothesis to predict what would happen if you applied the theories or rules to what you observed or to a situation related to what you observed.
- Set up an experiment or engage in an activity to test your hypothesis.
- Explain the results of your experiment or activity. Decide if your hypothesis was correct and if you need to conduct additional experiments or activities or if you need to generate and test an alternative idea.
Investigations
Investigations
An investigation is a process of identifying and resolving past events about which there are confusions or contradictions. The steps in the investigation process include the following:
An investigation is a process of identifying and resolving past events about which there are confusions or contradictions. The steps in the investigation process include the following:
- Identify the situation (i.e., concept to be defined, historical event to be explained, hypothetical future event to be defined or explained).
- Identify what is already known or agreed upon
- Offer a hypothetical scenario based on what you understand and know about the situation.
- Seek out and analyze evidence to determine if your hypothetical scenario is plausible.
- Create the graphic organizer below and use it to take notes from the four sections below
- Systems analysis
- Problem solving
- Experimental inquiry
- Investigations
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