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College Board Objectives: Motivation & Personality

7.A Identify and apply basic motivational concepts to understand the behavior of humans and other animals.

Examples: Instincts, Incentives, Intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, Overjustification effect, Self-efficacy, Achievement motivation

7.B Compare and contrast motivational theories, including the strengths and weaknesses of each.

Examples: Drive reduction theory, Arousal theory (including the Yerkes-Dodson law), Evolutionary theory of motivation, Maslow’s theory, Cognitive dissonance theory

7.C Describe classic research findings in specific motivations.

Examples: Motivation system: eating, Motivation system: sex, Motivation system: social

7.D Identify contributions of key researchers in the psychological field of motivation and emotion.

Examples: Contributions of William James,Alfred Kinsey, Abraham Maslow, Stanley Schachter & Hans Selye

7.E Discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation, including needs, drives, and homeostasis.

7.F Compare and contrast the major theories of emotion.

.Examples: James–Lange, Cannon–Bard Theory,Schachter two-factor theory, Evolutionary theories (primary emotions), Richard Lazarus’s appraisal theory, Joseph LeDoux’s theory, Paul Ekman’s research on cross-cultural displays of emotion, Facial feedback hypothesis

7.G Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language.

7.HDiscuss theories of stress and the effects of stress on psychological and physical well-being.

Examples, General adaptation theory, Stress-related illnesses, Lewin’s motivational conflicts theory, Unhealthy behaviors

7.5 Introduction to Personality

7.I Describe and compare research methods that psychologists use to investigate personality. Examples: Research method to investigate personality: case studies, surveys, personality inventories.

7J. Identify the contributions of major researchers in personality theory.

Examples: Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

7.6 Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality

7.K Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of personality with other theories of personality

7.7 Behaviorism and Social Cognitive Theories of Personality.

7.L Compare and contrast the behaviorist and social cognitive theories of personality with other theories of personality.

7.8 Humanistic Theories of Personality

7.M Compare and contrast humanistic theories of personality with other theories of personality.

7.N Speculate how cultural context can facilitate or constrain personality development, especially as it relates to self-concept.

Examples: Collectivistic versus individualistic cultures

7.9 Trait Theories of Personality

7.O Compare and contrast trait theories of personality with other theories of personality.

7.10 Measuring Personality

7.P Identify frequently used assessment strategies, and evaluate relative test quality based on reliability and validity of the instruments.

Examples: Personality inventory, Projective tests