In this research line, we explore the electronic structure and functional properties of semiconductors doped with magnetic impurities, known as diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). By combining advanced microscopy techniques with spectroscopic and resonant methods, we seek to understand how magnetic dopants influence carrier behavior, magnetic coupling, and defect-mediated phenomena at the nanoscale.
Our experimental approach integrates high-resolution electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)under ultra-high vacuum, paramagnetic electron resonance (EPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to correlate atomic-scale structure with magnetic and electronic responses. Through this multi-scale characterization, we aim to elucidate the origins of ferromagnetism in DMS systems and the role of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in governing their behaviour.
Building on these fundamental insights, we are developing prototype spintronic devices, such as spin-photodiodes and spin-valves, that leverage spin-dependent transport and magnetic phenomena. These devices represent key steps toward next-generation data storage and processing technologies, where control of electron spin offers new paradigms in performance, efficiency, and integration.
Recent publications of Prof M. Herrera's group:
Osteogenic potential and hemocompatibility of rare-earth doped hydroxyapatite in murine pre-osteoblast cells
F. Martínez-Pallares, K. Jaurez-Moreno, L. Vázquez, M. Herrera, O. Graeve.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (2026)
Vacancy-Mediated Bound Magnetic Polarons as the Driving Mechanism for Ferromagnetism in Fe-Doped SnO2 Nanowires
D. Montalvo, D. M. Hoat, V. Gómez, W. de la Cruz, S. Camacho, K. Carrera, V. Orozco, J. Guerrero, M. Herrera.
ACS Omega (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10549
Defect-Mediated Electrical Conduction and Piezoelectricity in Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers. V. Huerta, E. Murillo, E. Chaikina, O. A. Graeve, and M. Herrera.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 129 (2025) 8428-8435.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c04028
From Single to Multi-Glass/Ceramic Microarchitectures via Two-Photo Lithography. J Arriaga, C. Rosero, D. Jonker, R. Tiggelaar, H van Vossen, H, Gardeniers, M. Herrera, and A. Susarrey.
Advanced Optical Materials 13 (2025) e011658 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202501658
Yb3+ Mediated Luminescence Enhancement in Er3+ doped 3D-Printed ZrO2 Microarchitectures C. Rosero, G. C. Vasquez, M. Herrera, M. Cordova, I. de Leon, F. Ruiz, H. Gardiniers, D. Maestre, A. Aguirre, and A. Susarrey
Applied Materials Today 44 (2025) 102714.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102714
Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr3+-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and Their Role in Generating Paramagnetism. K. Carrera, V. Huerta, V. Orozco, J. Matutes, A. Urbieta, P. Fernández, F. Martínez, O. A. Graeve, M. Herrera
Biomedical Materials & Devices 3 (2025) 529.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44174-024-00191-3
Formation of oxygen vacancies in Cr3+-doped hydroxyapatite nanofibers and their role in generating paramagnetism
K. Carrera, V. Huerta, V. Orozco, J. Matutes, A. Urbieta, P. Fernández, F. Martínez, O. A. Graeve, and M. Herrera
Biomedical Materials and Devices (2024)
doi.org/10.1007/s44174-024-00191-3
Additive manufacturing of Zn-doped ZrO2 architectures
J. Winczewski, J. Arriaga, D. Maestre, M. Herrera, H. Gardeniers, A. Susarrey
Advanced Engineering Materials (2024) 2400187
doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400187
Decomposition of luminescent hydroxyapatite scaffolds in simulated body fluid
F. Martinez-Pallares, M. Herrera, and O. Graeve
ACS Applied Biomaterials 7 (2024) 3136-3142
doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.4c00154
Barium vacancies as the origin of triboluminescence in hexacelsian ceramics: An ab initio and experimental investigation.
E. Novitskaya, M. Amachraa, F. Martinez-Pallares, F. Guell, V. Gomez-Vidales, S. Ping Ong, M. Herrera, and O. A. Graeve
ACS Applied Optical Materials 2 (2024) 585-594
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.4c00010
White emission in 3D-printed phosphor microstructures.
Winczewski, M. Herrera, H. Gardeniers, A. Susarrey.
Chemical Communications 59 (2023) 3095
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cc06953a
Enabling high-quality transparent conductive oxide on 3D printed ZrO2 architectures through atomic layer deposition.
J. Arriaga, J. Winczewski, M. Herrera, E. Murillo, C. Rosero, N. Pineda, L. Cholula, I De León, H. Gardeniers, A. Susarrey, E. Martínez
Applied Surface Science 636 (2023) 157796
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157796
Influence of single-ionized oxygen vacancies on the generation of ferromagnetism in SnO2 and SnO2:Cr nanowires.
D. Montalvo, V. Gómez, W. de la Cruz, S. Camacho, I. Rivero, K. Carrera, V. Orozco, C. Santillán, J. Matutes, and M. Herrera
Applied Physics A 129 (2023) 537
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-06790-z
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Luminescent ZrO2:Eu3+ Architectures
J Winczewski, M Herrera, C Cabriel, I Izeddin, S Gabel, B Merle, A Susarrey, H Gardeniers
Adv. Optical Mater. (2022), 2102758
doi.org/10.1002/adom.202102758
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study on Tuning the Electrical and Optical Properties of Zr-Doped ZnO Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
C. Bohorquez, H. Bakkali, J. J. Delgado, E. Blanco, M Herrera, M. Domínguez
ACS Applied Electronic Materials 4 (2022) 925
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c01026
Additive Effect of inert ambient annealing on structural and defect characteristics of coaxial N-CNTs@ZnO nanotubes coated by atomic layer deposition.
H.A. Borbon, D. Domínguez , M. Herrera, J.M. Romo, R.C. Carrillo, F.F. Castillon, O.E. Contreras, G. Soto, H. Tiznado.
Ceramics International 48 (2022) 29829
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.245
Morphology control of tantalum carbide nanoparticles through dopant addition
T. Ren, R. Tran, S. Lee, A. Bandera, M. Herrera, X. Li, S. Ping-Ong and O. Graeve.
Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125 (2021) 10665- 10675
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01387
Effect of Oxygen Vacancies on the Mechanoluminescence Response of Magnesium Oxide.
E. Novitskaya, A. Manheim, M. Herrera, O. A. Graeve
Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121 (2021) 854 - 864
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07674
Photoluminescence up-conversion and cathodoluminescence in quaternary CdxZnyOγSδ nanoparticles embedded on zeolite
O. E. Jaime-Acuña, R. E San-Juan Farfán, H. Villavicencio, M. Herrera, O. Raymond-Herrera
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 159 (2021) 110004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2021.110004
A combined optical and morphological study of 2,5-bis(dodecanoxy) phenyleneethynylene-butadiynes films for oLEDs
B Kinzeeva, G Turlakov, I Moggio, E Arias, G Rodríguez, M Herrera, T Cooper, M Ottonelli, R F Ziolo.
Materials Science and Engineering B 263 (2021) 114779
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114779
Defect-related luminescence properties of hydroxyapatite nanobelts
V. Huerta, P. Fernández, V. Gómez, O. A. Graeve and M. Herrera
Applied Materials Today 21 (2020) 100822
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100822
Defect-related luminescence properties of hydroxyapatite nanobelts
V. Huerta, P. Fernández, V. Gómez, O. A. Graeve and M. Herrera
Applied Materials Today 21 (2020) 100822
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100822
Hole-mediated ferromagnetism in GaN doped with Cu and Mn.
G. Guzmán, D. Maestre and M. Herrera
Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics 31 (2020)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10854-020-04070-7