University of California, San Diego
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
MAE 156B: Senior Design Project
Sponsered by Dr. Aiyang Jiang, MD
Project Background: Endotracheal Intubation
Endotracheal intubation is a medical process whereby an artificial airway, called the endotracheal tube (ETT), is inserted through the mouth into the trachea (airway). The ETT helps secure the patient’s airway and ensure unobstructed airflow through the trachea. Typically, this procedure is for patients who have sustained trauma to the airway, those with severe respiratory distress, or patients undergoing general anesthesia. Thus, endotracheal intubation is a highly critical, life-saving procedure that is performed in emergency or surgical settings.
In order to facilitate steering and guidance of ETT into the trachea, there is a J-shaped metallic “stylet” enclosed within the ETT. The stylet has a handle that the medical care provider uses to advance the ETT along the patient’s trachea. Given that the trachea is soft tissue, and the ETT and stylet are curved by default, there are often times where the apparatus can get lodged in the imperfections of the trachea. A patient’s unique airway geometry or unknown tumors may also cause obstruction. This not only delays the highly critical intubation process, but also increases the risk of lacerations to the inner walls of the trachea.
Problem With Current Stylet
Due to human anatomy, the trachea is located on the upper side, which causes difficulty in inserting the endotracheal tube.
Our goal is to design a stylet that the tip can bend up so it is easier to navigate into the trachea. The stylet gets deeper into the trachea, but gets stuck at an angle and pokes out of the trachea.
After the tube successfully passes trachea we want downward bending to prevent trauma at the trachea.
Design Objective:
The sponsor of the project, Dr. Aiyang Jiang of UC San Diego Health, identified a need for a stylet with a controllable, flexible tip. The primary objective of this project was to design and prototype a rigid intubating stylet capable of bending its distal tip with one hand. This maneuverability allows practitioners to adjust the stylet's curvature during insertion, thereby improving patient safety and the success rates of intubation in difficult airways. The design specifications are:
5 cm of the end of the stylet should be able to bend ±20॰ in both upward and downward directions.
User-friendly, intuitive control mechanism,
The material of the product needs to be biocompatible and follow medical-grade standards.
Low manufacturing cost.
Description of Design Solution
Flexible Tip:
Tension Wire Design, uses two wires that connect the distal tip to the hand control. Enable two-directional vertical movement.
Medical-grade TPU distal tip
Control Mechanism:
Thumb Lever
Material:
Carbon Fiber - Proximal Section
Medical-grade TPU - Distal Tip
Narrated Video Showing Design