The catapult catches the ball from the track behind it, launching as the velocity sensor senses the movement of the ball onto the catapult. The motor attached to the catapult then turns to launch the ball into a funnel, which leas the ball back onto another track, restarting the process.
One challenge we had was the marble not flying far enough with the turning of the motor, or getting stuck in the cup. To combat this, we switched out the large cup for a small indent on the top of the catapult, that held the marble in place. We also connected the catapult to the motor with a seperate gear, instead of having the motor directly turning the catapult arm which allowed the arm to get more torque and launch the marble farther.
Marble falls onto catapult from track
Velocity sensor senses the marble going onto the catapult
Catapult, controlled by a motor, launches marble onto a funnel (decreasing the margin of error for the ball to land somewhere else)