KNOW THIS!!
Post date: Sep 07, 2015 8:31:15 PM
Unit 1: Measurements
1-Dark & rough / absorbs light
Light & smooth / reflects light
2-The closer & larger two objects are / the greater the force of gravity
3-When in doubt / use the reference tables
Unit 2: Measuring Earth
4-The earth’s orbit is / nearly circular
5-The earth rotates / west to east, 15 degrees per hour, in 24 hours or one day
6-Shadows get longer as the sun / gets lower
7-The altitude of Polaris equals / the latitude of the observer
8-The earth revolves / counterclockwise, 1 degree per day, in 365 1/4 days or one year
Unit 3: Topographic Maps
9-The closer isolines are / the steeper the gradient
Unit 4: Weathering & Erosion
10-Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to / the hydrosphere, biosphere, & atmosphere
11-Moist & warm climates favor / chemical weathering
12-Moist & cold climates favor / physical weathering
13-As particle size decreases / surface area increases & the rate of weathering increases
14-Soils develop as a result of / weathering and biological activity
15-The primary force that drives the agents of erosion is / gravity
16-Stream velocity depends on / gradient and volume of water
17-The outside of a meander bend is / fast and erodes. The inside of a meander bend is / slow and deposits
18-As stream velocity increases, the size of the particles that can be transported / increases
19-Streams carry sediments by / solution, suspension, bouncing & rolling
20- Streams valleys are / V shaped
21-The area drained by a river and its tributaries is a / watershed
Unit 5: Deposition & Glaciations
22-The particles that settle out first are / larger, most dense, and roundest
23-Water and wind deposits are / sorted by size and layered
24-Gravity and glacial deposits are / unsorted
25-Resistant layers of rock / stick out (forms cliffs)
26-Glacial landscapes show / U shaped valleys, depressions, irregular hills, scratched boulders
27-The sediments deposited at the mouth of a river form a / delta
Unit 6: Minerals & Resources
28-The mineral & rock that react to acid are/ calcite & limestone
29-Minerals are identified on the basis of / well defined physical and chemical properties
30-The basic elements of most minerals are / oxygen and silicon
31-The physical properties of minerals depends upon / the internal arrangement and bonding of atoms
Unit 7: Rocks
32-Rocks are classified on the basis of / their origin (how they formed)
33-Igneous rocks form by / the crystallization of molten magma or lava (intergrown crystals)
34-Crystal size in igneous rocks depends on / the rate of cooling
35-Intrusive igneous rocks form / slowly beneath the earth’s surface (large crystals)
36-Extrusive igneous rocks form / quickly on the earth’s surface (small crystals)
37-Continents are / granite and thick
Oceans are / basalt and thin
38-Sedimentary rocks form from / sediments, evaporation of water and organic remains
39-Rocks are identified by their / texture
Igneous / Coarse, fine, glassy, vesicular
Sedimentary / clastic
Metamorphic / foliated
40-Fossils are found almost exclusively in / sedimentary rocks
41-Metamorphic rocks form from / other rocks by the action of heat and/or pressure (recrystallization)
42-Contact metamorphism occurs when / molten rock comes in contact with other rocks
43-Regional metamorphism occurs / over large areas and is associated with mountain building
Unit 8: Plate Tectonics & Earthquakes
44-Plate tectonics is caused by/mantle convection currents
45-The farther you go from the center of a ridge/the older the rocks get
46-One seismograph can give you/epicenter distance
To get the direction you need/three seismographs
47-We know the outer core is liquid because / S waves cant go through it
48-Plate tectonics says / the earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called plates that move
49-The 3 types of plate boundaries are / divergent (moving away at mid ocean ridges), convergent (coming together) and transform (sliding / San Andreas Fault)
50-Subduction is when / one plate sinks under another forming a trench
Unit 9: Geologic Time
51-In undisturbed strata, the bottom layer is / older
52-Faults, folds, & intrusions are / younger than the rocks they are found in
53-Index fossils are / found over a wide area and existed for a short period of time
54-An unconformity is a / buried erosional surface
Unconformities represent a / gap in the geologic record
55-The half life of a radioactive istope / cannot be changed
56-Carbon is used to date / recent organic remains
57-Most life forms of the geologic past have / become extinct
Unit 10: Weather
58- The weather in a high is/ nice (sunny no precip)
The weather in a low is/ bad (cloudy & precip)
59-The 500 rule says/over 500 add a 9, below 500 add a 10, and always add a decimal
60-Precipitation occurs when: warm, moist air rises, expands and cools
61-Warm air is capable of / holding more water vapor than cool air
62-As altitude increases, air pressure / decreases
63-Wind is named for / the direction it comes from
Wind is caused by / differences in air pressure
64-The closer air temperature is to the dew point / the greater the chance of precipitation
65-Air in a low pressure area is / warm & moist
Air in a high pressure area is / cool & dry
66-A rising barometer means / good weather is coming
A falling barometer means / bad weather is coming
A steady barometer means / no change
67-Fronts occur where / air masses meet
68-The most likely areas for precipitation are / the leading edges of air masses (fronts)
69-The circulation around a low pressure system is / counterclockwise, toward the center, where air rises
The circulation around a high pressure system is / clockwise, away from the center, where air sinks
70-Weather systems in the US usually move / from west to east (with a hook to the NE)
71-CT / warm & dry CP / cool & dry
MT / warm & moist MP / cool& moist
72-Hurricanes form / over warm oceans in summer and autumn
73-Hurricanes lose strength / as they move over land or cool water
Unit 11: Insolation & The Water Cycle
74-Porosity does NOT depend on / particle size
75-As particle size increases, permeability / increases
76-As particle size increases, capillary action / decreases
77-In the US, at noon, to see the sun you have to face / south
78-The seasons are caused by / the tilt of the earth’s axis & the revolution around the sun
79-The intensity of sunlight varies with / the angle of
the sun
80-The sun is most intense at an angle of / 90
81-Summer solstice / June 21
sun rises / north of east
sun sets / north of west
sun’s altitude / highest of year
vertical ray hits / tropic of cancer
NY gets / 16 hours of daylight
North Pole gets / 24 hours of daylight
82-Winter solstice / December 21
sun rises / south of east
sun sets / south of west
sun’s altitude / lowest of year
vertical ray hits / tropic of Capricorn
NY gets / 8 hours daylight
North Pole gets / 0 hours daylight
83-Vernal Equinox / March 21
Autumnal Equinox / September 23
sun rises / due east
sun sets / due west
vertical ray hits / equator
whole earth gets / 12 hours
84-The equator always receives / 12 hours of intense sunlight
85-The earth absorbs mostly / short wavelength light energy
86-The earth reradiates mostly / long wavelength heat energy
87-Gases such as carbon dioxide / prevent the escape of heat causing the greenhouse effect
88-Marine climate has / cool summers & warm winter
89- Continental climate has / cold winter& hot summers
90-Leeward side of a mountain is / dry & warm due to compression
91-Windward side of a mountain is / cool & moist due to expansion
Unit 12: Astronomy
92-Two proofs that the earth rotates / Coriolis Effect & Foucaults Pendulum
93-The proof that the universe is expanding is /the redshift
94-A new moon occurs when / the moon is between the earth & the sun
A full moon occurs when / the earth is between the sun & the moon
95-A solar eclipse happens when / The moon is between the earth & the sun and it blocks out the sun
96-A lunar eclipse happens when / the Earth is between the sun & the moon and the Earths shadow hits the moon
97-As a planet gets closer to the sun / the faster it orbits
98-The earth’s orbit around the sun is / nearly circular
99-The moon revolves / around the earth, in an elliptical orbit, in one month